Education And Policy Research Vocational And Technical Training In India

India is, as well as China, a large developing country with a long historyand rich cultural heritage. Our two countries face common problems,such as hugepopulation and unbalanced development. Although our two countries have to facemany social and historical problems, we still have created our own miracle ondevelopment speed.China not only cooperates with India, but also competes withIndia. So there is a positive significance to us to discuss the experience of India.Human resources development is the common concern of both China and India,technical and vocational education and training is an effective way to develop humanresources. This article explores the technical and vocational education and trainingsystem of India from the perspective of policies, and the ultimate goal of the study isto benefit the development of our own technical and vocational education andtraining system.This paper focuses on the development policies of Indias technical andvocational education and training system, discusses the polices of different historicalperiods,from the polices before India’s independence,to Apprentices Act1961, theInstitutes of Technology Act1961, National Policy on Education1968, National Policyon Education1986(As modified in1992), and the All India Council for TechnicalEducation Act1987, etc. On this basis, the paper explores the policies and actionswhich are underway, researches the making processes and implementationprocesses of these policies and actions, such as National Policy on Skill Development,Skill Development Initiative Scheme, Craftsmen Training Scheme, National VocationalEducation Qualification Framework and so on. They all play an important role inpromoting the development of the system of India’s technical and vocationaleducation and training, and facilitating the economic and social progress.In addition,this paper also discusses the other aspects of the policies ofIndias technical and vocational education and training system, including itsadministrative management, institutional types, faculties, course characteristics,andthe relationship between technical and vocational education and training system and general education system,and the relationship between technical and vocationaleducation and training system and industries.Through the analysis of all theseaspects, this article concludes themain problems in the implementation of India’s technical and vocationaleducation and training policies, such as the limited cultivate ability of the technicaland vocational education and training system; the mismatch between the skills andthe market demand; the shortage of teachers and the low social attractiveness of thetechnical and vocational education and training system.In order to solve theseproblems, the Indian government has made a series of measures. The Indiangovernment is doing the following things to improve the situation, firstly,thegovernment should strengthen the policy guidance, and improve the cultivate abilityof the technical and vocational education and training system; secondly, thegovernment should improve the quality of education and training, increase theattractiveness of the technical and vocational education and training system; thirdly,the government should promote the industries participation, improve the marketrelevance of the technical and vocational education and training system; lastly, thegovernment should perfect the teacher training system and improve the educationand training level.At last,this paper talks about what we can learn from India’s experience,on one hand, the policies of the technical and vocational education and trainingsystem must be in line with the national conditions; on the other hand, the policiesof the technical and vocational education and training system must be dominated bygovernment, and must pay attention to the grate power of the non-governmentalsectors; at the same time, the technical and vocational education and training systemshould actively strive for international aids, make good use of the internationalorganizations.