| Background and significance:Researches have shown that, in the infection process of influenza virus, the key element was the Hemagglutinin (HA). In this process, HA specific binds with host cell by the glycan structure. For human influenza virus, HA mainly recognizes and binds SA a2-6Gal glycan structure in sialic acid. However, for the avian influenza virus, HA mainly recognizes and binds SA a2-3Gal glycan structure in sialic acid. Some researches shown that, in human airway epithelial cells, there are some SA a2-6Gal glycan structure and little SA a2-3Gal glycan structure.Saliva is rich in glycoproteins, which have the functions of anti-bacterial, anti-viral and lubricate the mouth and so on. In recent years, studies have shown that the occurrence of disease followed with the change of glycoprotein glycan structure in salivary. Saliva is the primary factor which used to prevent the process of respiratory virus entering the body. Among them, the glycoprotein glycan structure in saliva play decisive a role in resisting the virus, which can specific combined with virus.For healthy volunteers, The laboratory studies shown that, contrast with elderly people, the young people and children can easier to be infected with the avian flu virus. One of the major molecular mechanisms is that, compared with children and young people, elderly people’s saliva have more SA a2-3Gal/SA a2-6Gal glycan structure. While, these glycan structure can bind with more HA, which cause elderly people had stronger ability of anti-influenza. However, in actual conditions, the elderly who suffer from chronic diseases are more susceptible to avian influenza virus infection. The reason is that the destruction of the immune system in chronic disease of the elderly, it lowered immunity. In addition to this reason, if there are other physiological or pathological factors that led to the elderly are more susceptible to the flu virus? Hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma are common types of chronic diseases, a serious threat to human health, suffering from these types of people are more susceptible to chronic illness influenza virus? What are the characteristics of the infection is? This question is established in accordance with this subject, some of the problems are resolved in the public health field.Method:Firstly, collect saliva samples of volunteers which include hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers. Then, use lectin microarrays to compare and analyze the result of fluorescence signal. In this process, the lectin SNA can recognize the glycan structure of SA a2-6Gal and the lectin MAL-Ⅱ can identify the SA a2-3Gal glycan structure. Finally, it can reflect the difference of expression levels of SA a2-6Gal glycan structure and SA a2-3Gal glycan structure between hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers. In second experiment, using blotting technology, the lectin SNA, MAL-Ⅱ, chicken-origin H5N1influenza virus, H5N1influenza virus from ducks, chickens-origin H9N2flu virus and influenza A (H1N1) virus (Influenza Vaccine) react with the saliva sample of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers. Based on the experimental results, hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma patients is associated with susceptibility to influenza viruses analyzed and discussed.Results:1.Using lectin microarray technology, it tests saliva samples of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma patients and healthy volunteers, then analysing the change of glycan structure in saliva. Through analyzing:the level of fluorescence signal of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients’ saliva samples. Comparing with the results of healthy volunteers’saliva samples, it can infer the Ratio value. The results shown that, for hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients’ sample, the Ratio levels of lectin MAL-Ⅱ are0.423,0.437and0.479. Thus, this result prove that the levels of SA a2-3Gal glycan structure which recognized by lectin MAL-Ⅱ have significant decrease in samples of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. In another hand, in the same condition, the Ratio levels of lectin SNA are2.294,1.409and1.336. Thus, hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients have higher levels of SA a2-6Gal glycan structure.2.Using blotting technology, chicken-origin H5N1influenza virus, H5N1influenza virus from ducks and chickens-origin H9N2flu virus react with saliva samples of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. Analyzing results of blotting, they show that the power of combining with chicken-origin H5N1influenza virus, H5N1influenza virus from ducks and chickens-origin H9N2flu virus have a significant decrease in hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients’ saliva protein than healthy volunteers’samples. Comparing with blotting result of lectin MAL-Ⅱ, the blotting results which combine with hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients’saliva protein have the same level with three viruses. This conclusion proves that, for saliva protein of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, there have a lower expression level of SA a2-3Gal glycan structure which specific bind by HA of bird flu. The hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients have higher binding ability with lectin SNA than healthy voluteers. This prove that, in saliva protein of hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, SA α2-6Gal glycan structure which specific combine with HA in human influenza virus have higher expression level than healthy voluteers. While, there are no obvious difference between the binding powers of influenza A (H1N1) virus (Influenza Vaccine)(H1N1influenza virus strain (2009), including avian flu, swine flu RNA gene fragments of three influenza and human influenza viruses, while the glycan to identify avian influenza virus and human influenza virus receptor glycan receptor) combine with four kinds of saliva proteins. Therefore, hepatitis B, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients are susceptible avian influenza virus. While, they have a certain power to against human influenza viruses. |
