Ecological Zoning Chinese Lake Wetlands

Wetlands, which in addition has unique structure, but also has huge environmental regulatory function and environmental benefits, is the most important wildlife ecosystem in the world. The ecological environment of wetland in the current is not optimistic, expanding the scope、increasing the damage and exacerbating the extent of ecological destruction, since to socio-economic development and irrational exploitation of resources, etc. Gradually, the ecological restoration、management and monitoring、health evaluation and sustainable development of wetlands become the hot topic of concern. China has widespread territory, different climate characteristics, significant landscape features and complex wetland. However, due to the lack of scientific holistic and careful planning and demonstration in the protection、 management and exploitation of wetland, resulting in the ecological balance of energy flow and nutrient cycling was severely damaged, ecological functions continue to be weakened, environmental benefits reduced. Therefore, wetland ecological function regionalization is an important means for the scientific and systematic management of wetland ecosystems. Wetland ecological function regionalization can improve the level of research and monitoring of the wetland ecosystem, provide a scientific basis for health assessment and economic valuation, play a positive role in promoting a comprehensive and integrated management of wetland.Lake and marsh wetlands is an important component type of wetland, which can comprehensively reflect the changes in climate and the environment, has abundant water and wildlife resources, play an irreplaceable role in flood mitigation, regulating climate, maintenance of biodiversity, degradation of pollutants and other aspects. According to statistics, China totally has324,000km2area of wetland in2008, of which61%is the lake and marsh wetlands. Meanwhile, the lake and marsh wetlands is very fragile, it is also one of the most serious degradation of wetlands types in recent years. This article select the lake and marsh wetlands in2008for the study, ecology science、wetlands science and other disciplines as theoretical guidance, based on the relevant geographic data and socio-economic data, using Statistics and GIS spatial information technologies, combined the distribution of lake and marsh wetlands, driving factors of ecological change and the key factors of affecting the ecological functions in case analysis, under the guidance of the principle of zoning and project requirements, established ecological zoning index system of lake and marsh wetlands, divided ecological areas of lake and marsh wetlands. Researching Ecological zoning of lake and marsh wetlands, analyzing the spatial distribution pattern and trends of lake and marsh wetlands, which are important for lake and marsh wetlands to strengthen the monitoring and construct the database is the ecological, provide the basis for economic value assessment of lake and marsh wetlands.The results showed that:(1) Our country is very rich in lake and marsh wetlands, but with unbalanced regional distribution characteristics, the highest rates of lake and marsh wetlands is northeast mountain and plain region, which is13.78times of the lowest Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region. Northeast mountains and plains region and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region are the main distribution area of lake and marsh wetlands.(2) Lake and marsh wetlands has many types of changes, there are the disappearance type, the decline type, the stable type(the steady decline type and the steady expansion type), the expansion type and the new type. The study found that the change of lake and marsh wetlands is very obvious, the stable type (the steady decline type and the steady expansion type) which did not change significantly only accounted for6%. Changes of lake and marsh wetlands in large-scale nationwide mainly are the disappearance type and the decline type, especially the southern coastal region and eastern plains region as a typical representative; the lake and marsh wetlands in local area are showing the type of expansion, such as the Tibetan Plateau region.(3) Lake and marsh wetlands is the object of study, based on the analysis of division connotation and the construction of ecological zoning framework, make use of natural environmental factors (climate, topography, etc.) and human factors as an indicator system to carry out three level ecological zoning of the lake and marsh wetlands, which contains six first level,14second level and18third level. The three ecological zoning of lake and marsh wetlands is basic for the research of its ecological function, and lay the foundation for assessment the economic value of the lake and marsh wetlands ecological function in the latter research.(4) Research on lake and marsh wetlands ecological zoning and its ecological distribution is the premise and foundation to carry out space management of lake and marsh wetlands. The establishment of lake and marsh wetlands ecological zoning framework make up the gaps in lake and marsh wetlands ecological zoning. The results can provide reliable premise for future data monitoring, planning, management and evaluation. Making protection and restoration work as local conditions. Resources, environment, economic and social have a coordinated development.