Fluctuation Theorem And Irreversibility

A proper accounting of fluctuation theorems allows us to determine equilibrium properties of a system of interest-specifically, free energy differences-by observing how the system responds when driven away from equilibrium. When fluctuations are taken into account, inequalities that are related to the second law of thermodynamics can be rewritten as equalities. As we turn our attention to smaller systems, statistical fluctuations become more prominent. An important consequence of the statistical fluctuations is that violation of the second law of thermodynamics. We can analyze the violation of the second law of thermodynamics quantitatively with fluctuation theorems. The question of how reversible microscopic equations of motion can lead to irreversible macroscopic behaviour has been one of the central issues in statistical mechanics. Give some analysis of the irreversibility with the concept of entropy, but in this paper we will analyze the irreversibility from a microscopic point of view with the fluctuations theorem. In this paper we compare the second law of thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems, realize that fluctuation theorems encode surprisingly more information than one might expect from traditional thermodynamic arguments, and it has refined our understanding of irreversibility and the second law of thermodynamics.