Buddhist And Taoist Management System Of The Ming Dynasty

Buddhism was introduced into China in DongHan period. In about the same peirod，Taoism also produced in China mainland. Both developed stronger, and have quite economicstrength and spiritual influence. The rulers of the past all took actions to control and use them.In the northern and southern dynasties, the special management organization and regulationsof Buddhism and Taoism appeared. To the Song, the management regulations of Buddhismand Taoism were very perfect and reached the top. But the overall level of legislation in Yuandynasty was not better than song, and Tang song’s Buddhist management system sufferedseirous damage in Yuan dynasty because of excessive advocation for Buddhism and Taoism，many pirvileges and the imperfection of management regulation of Buddhism and Taoism.Atfer the founding of the Ming dynasty, in view of the teaching of the chaos in Yuan dynastyBuddhist management，and referirng tang systems，the unique management system Buddhismand Taoism was established in Ming dynasty. In the Beginning, the Implementation of thelaws is mainly in order to serve the problem about the chaos of main management of theBuddhism and Taoism letf behind by Yuan dynasty, then to control the Buddhism andTaoism’s scale of group development and pure cult atmosphere. There are analyzes inmanagement system of Buddhism and Taoism according to the content and characteirstics ofthe Ming dynasty in this article. The article has three parts:The ifrst part is about the elaboration of such management system and monks in theMing dynasty. The Taoist temples are the places where the monks live, meet and advocate theTaos, and have considerable economic strength and influence. The Ming dynasty’s lawsstrictly control the number of buildings and banned build pirvate buildings, Limiting thenumber of land in the temple’s possession in order to lest its economic excessive expand thatmay be harmful to national finance and the people’s livelihood; In addition, the temple as aunit was regulatedon the hoirzontal and vertical aspects to straight to the corruption orshelteirng cirminals or presents the tonsure, etc, as well as the personal management of monks,auxiliary. In addition, this part of the Ming dynasty also explains the oiffcial system. Monks,as the oiffcial system, began in weijin, and since then it had been used. Specific functions andpowers differed rfom peir’od to peirod. The monks government setting is multifairous in tangand song dynasty and no unified oiffcer; there were numerous positions for monks that setreligious, political power and judicial power at a suit with intimidating Power and h，arm. The Ming dynasty has comparatively perfect monksgovernmentsystems that rank the central, the state, and the Fu and county. The setting, authority andgarments, etc in all levels of the monks are well documented, and set up perfectly.The second part is mainly about monk，spersonal management in Ming dynasty. First,expounding the systems about monks in the Ming dynasty.In Ming dynasty, it is strictlylimited to become a monk. On one hand, there are the limits for sex, age and family status, onthe other hand, for the amount of monks in every state and count to control the total in thenation, then the legal procedures was made that the precondition is the agreement by oneselfand their parents and guaranteed by，then one can scholar in a Taoist temple before taking theDuhua exams hosted by LuSi that decided which one is admitted and being qualiifed for theDuDie. Second,expounding the regulations of behavior and mood about monks，which mainlyinclude restirctions of interaction between monks and the other general persons and therelationships among the monks.In The Ming dynasty, its restircted that monks interact withthe mundane.The monks must go back temples which them live，and its forbidden to lodge inthe mundane home. And the folk intercourse is strictly restricted. For example, ZhenJi daositswere arranged to manage the corvee tax; the Taoists were forbidden to lodge in the mundanehome when them were out for the truth. In the Ming dynasty, the ethics relations between themaster and apprentice are laid out legally, which is the same as nephew and uncle.TheT’aoists indecent behavior such as the adultery, marriage and concubine would be punishedseverely to produce the good ethos.The third party is about the compairson of Taoist management system among the Tang,Song and Yuan dynasty to summairzed the characteristics and analyze their reasons. TheMing’s Buddhist management system mainly inherited the Tang song’s systems in manyaspects. Compared with the Yuan, the Tang song legislations are more concise and hash. TheMing’s legislations with heavy punishment attached more importance to the ethics. This ismainly because the Yuan dynasty Buddhist management of confusion. The Ming dynasty’sruler made reference to Tang song systems for the rectification and regulation to Buddhismand Taoism. This is also the result of the Ming Legislative thought that the legislations shouldbe hash. But the Ming dynasty implementation of management system about Buddhism andTaoism is not ideal because it is mainly damaged by the ruler itself.