Study On The Ginseng (Root) Biotransformation

《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》records ginseng as a Araliaceae Ginseng panax plants. Bycultivation methods and the growth environment, it can be divided as wild ginseng andcultivated ginseng. Ginsenoside as the main active ingredients of ginseng, it is curated toall the pharmacological activities of ginseng saponin. More than too kinds of ginsenosideshave been isolated and identified. Ginsenosides Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg1as theinherent ginsenosides in ginseng are the main ingredients accounting for over95%. Inherentlosing sugar chains become Rh1, Rh2, CK, PPD and PPT etc, and which are contained withinGinseng at very low concentration, so they are called rare ginsenosides. For Ginsenosides,the less contents of sugar, the higher bioavailability, the stronger pharmacological activity.After decades of growing,due to the long-term hydrolysis of saponins by the soilmicrobes and its own enzyme, wild ginseng contains many sorts of rare ginsenosides, but theconcentration are low, so it is very difficult to obtain. Cultivated ginseng due to its shortertime of growing, contents very low contents of ginseng saponin, the pharmacological effectsof the same dose is less than the wild ginseng. To improve the medicinal value of ginseng,that is to increase the contents of the rare ginsenosides, physical, chemical and biologicaltransformation are commom used. The physical method, is a method to treat the ginseng withheat, degraded parts of the sugar chain of ginsenosides to obtain ginsenoside Rg3, Rh1andRh2etc such as the preparation of red ginseng, ginseng: offer cleaning, steaming for4h thenstoving at70℃for about8hours, and finally stoving at50℃. However, the conversion ofthe physical methods are limited, it can only generate, very generate very low concentrationof the rare ginsenosides, beside streaming at high temperature for a long time, could lead toloss of ginseng saponins. The chemical methods, including acid and alkaline hydrolysis, suchas that uses the solution of acid, the bath of alkaline glycerol, to degrade the ginseng aresaponins to the rare ginsenosides, the conversion rate is high but the conversion conditionsare difficult to control. Biotransformation, includes the enzymatic and microbialtransformation method. The enzymatic methods: due to the strong specificity the directionalconversion rate is rather high, but for preparation of a variety of different products. Thesynergy of multi-enzymes is necessary. Microbial transformation, with use the abundantenzymes secreted by the microbes, to hydrolyze the ginseng spanonins completely can obtaindifferent products,so secretion of the microbes that have higher conversion rate and safety isthe key problem.Comparing with the other methods, the condition of biotransformation is mild and easy to control its products.In this study, we screened and selected the combination of pro-biotics from the21kindsof pro-biotics that are specified by the actinal 《Food safety law》to be used in food withhigher conservation rate of ginsenosides.We optimized their growth medium composition andthe pH of inoculation to established the most optimistic growth temperature and incubationtime; then, we used softened ginseng as a substrates fermented them with combined strains ofpro-biotics for50h.The combination of the pro-biotics converted the ginsenosides in a higherefficiency. After fermentation, the pH of the broth reached at3.3, the fermentation reachedend point.Biotransformation Ginseng was obtained after stoving to achieve its higherconversion.Experimental results shows that in addition to the biotransformation ginseng also theinherent ginsenosides Rc, Rd, Re and Rf, contains higher concentration of the rareginsenosides, Rh1, Rh2, CK, PPD and PPT. Using Angilent TC C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm) column with methanol: water=80:20as mobile phase, detection wavelength:203nm,we detected that the concentration of the PPD3.62%, accounting for PPT18.53%, thecontent of the rare ginsenosides Rh1,and CK11.27%accounted for the total saponin.The experience of the effects of biotransformation that ginseng saponins on tumor cellproliferation inhibition of HeLa and A549,shows that biotransformation ginseng saponinshave better inhibition effects on tumor cells HeLa and A549.In a dose-dependent manner,itsIC50within24h for HeLa and A549cells are25.354μg/ml and26.455μg/ml.After a24hincubation with50μg/ml of biotransformation ginseng total saponins. We observed that thetumor cell morphology of the control group remains spindle and irregular and adhered to theplate, while that of the experiment group become round and small, the refractivityincrease,cells are suspended on the surface of the medium, the apoptotic bodies appears.Until now, there are few reports using pro-biotics to prepare biotransformation Ginseng,this study provided theoretical optics for the preparation of biotransformation Ginseng usingpro-biotics.