| Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of exogenousfactors,DNA damage repair genes XRCC1gene polymorphisms and the thirdexon of AGT gene polymorphisms and their relations in the risk of esophagealsquamous cell carcinoma in Chinese population.In addition,We devoteourselves to provide meaningful information and means for the screening ofhigh-risk population for purpose of prevention and control.Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in thethree citys of Nan Chong,Lang Zhong,Sui Ning,which have a high incidenceof Esophageal cancer in northern Sichuan to analysis the relationship betweenesophageal cancer and environmental factors such as smoking, drinking,drinking tea,dietary habits and so on. Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) andRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) methods were used tomeasure XRCC1gene Arg194Trp polymorphisms and AGT genepolymorphisms. Interaction effects between two genes and the interactioneffects between genes and exogenous factors are researched. Case group arewith histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases whowere diagnosed in North sichuan medical college affiliated hospital,LangZhongShi people’s hospital and Suining city central hospital betweenAuguest2013and Auguest2013,while controls were selected from the localcancer-free individuals without esophageal lesions examined by endoscopyand without history of malignancy. Interviews were conducted by the trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire and blood samples werecollected with informed consent. SPSS13.0statistical software was used foranalysis,the application of single factor chi-square test and the multi-factorunconditioned logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationshipamong esophageal carcinoma, the environment and genetic factors.Results:In all,155cases(men61.3%,women38.7%)were involved in this studywith average age61.8±7.35years old.127controls(men51.2%, women48.8%)were with average age60±10.72years old. No statistically significantdifference was observed in the average age and the distribution of genderbetween the case group and the control group. There was statisticallysignificant difference in diet roughness by single factor chi-squaretest.According to the gender stratification analysis, it showed that eating hardcould increase the women risk of esophageal cancer with odds ratio3.222(95%CI:1.070-9.699). High salt diet increase the risk esophageal canceronly in female group (p＞0.05). Have the habit of eating pickled chinesecabbage is esophageal cancer risk factors in women only（p=0.00）.Smokedfood remained statistically different between the two groups(p＜0.05).Differences of drinking water quality remained statistically significant(in menOR=6.525,CI=3.151-13.5;in women OR=4.455CI=1.958-10.133).Eating fruithabits reduced the men risk of esophageal cancer with OR2.522(CI=1.28-4.967). Drinking tea is a high risk factors of esophageal cancer.Smoking significantly increased men risk of esophageal squamous cellcarcinomas with OR2.857(95%CI:1.274-6.406).Drinking habits significantlyincreased men risk of esophageal cancer with OR2.916(95%CI:1.510-5.633).Family history of cancer were significantly higher risk of oesophageal cancer(χ2=3.791,p=0.05,OR=1.748CI=0.993-3.079). The case group withfamily history of upper gastrointestinal tumor (UGIC)9cases (5.8%) andcontrol group UGIC1case（0.8%）,Statistical differences between the twogroups were statistically significant (p=0.05).Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analysis found thatsmoking, alcohol drinking, drinking tea, drinking well water, UGIC andfarmers were high risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas inNorth Si Chuan region (p≤0.05). Family history of UGIC have the greatestimpact on esophageal squamous carcinoma.Pickled chinese cabbage, baconand fruit intake and dietary roughness, salty diet had nothing to do with therisk of esophageal cancer.The frequency of alleles C and T of XRCC1gene were61.0%and39%in the case group and63.2%,36.8%in the control group (p=0.645).Mutant TTtype,hybrid CT,wild type CC distribution frequency in the case group and thecontrol group was10.3%、47.1%、42.6%and9.4%、43.3%、47.2%respectively.Combining the hybrid type and wild type,the mutant type accounts for10.3and9.4in case and the control group (χ2=0.06, p=0.06). After stratifingaccording to smoking, alchohol abuse and drinking tea, mutation type has noeffect on the risk of esophageal squamous carcinoma (p>0.05).crossoveranalysis suggests smoking,alchohol abuse,drinking tea and XRCC1gene194polymorphisms had no interaction effect.The alleles C and T of AGT gene exon3in a proportion of the casegroup and the control group was58.6%,41.4%and65.3%,34.7%(χ2=1.826，p=0.177). Mutant TT type, hybrid CT, wild type CC distribution frequency inthe case group and the control group was20.6%,35.5%,43.9%and11.0%,36.2%,52.8%respectively. Combining the hybrid type and wild type,there was no significant difference in case and the control group(χ2=0.06,p=0.06). After stratifing according to smoking, alchohol abuse anddrinking tea, the results showed gene polymorphism was associated withsusceptibility to esophageal squamous carcinoma(p<0.05). In addition,effectmodification was observed between smoking,alcohol abuse,tea drinking andgene polymorphism by crossover analysis.Conclusions: The risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinomasare smoking, alcohol abuse,tea drinking,drinking well water,family history ofUGIC and career for farmers in North Sichuan region. Family history ofUGIC had the biggest influence on the susceptibility to esophageal squamouscarcinoma. Through the analysis of multiple factors suggested the intake offruit, pickled chinese cabbage, bacon and dietary roughness, salty diet hadnothing to do with the risk of esophageal cancer.XRCC1gene194genepolymorphisms and AGT gene the third exon polymorphisms had no relationwith esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. AGT gene the third exonpolymorphisms have positive interaction effects with smoking,alcohol abuseand tea drinking. |
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