Significance Of Glypican-3Protein Expression In Prostate Cancer

Objective: In America, prostate cancer (Pca) is the most commonmalignancy and the first lethiferous cancer in men. Furthermore, prostatecancer in men will continue to be the most common lethiferous cancer. Inchina，life style and dietary alterations are also believed to increase theincidence of prostate cancer. Now, essential methods of the diagnosis ofprostate cancer were digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrsongoguaplayand prostate-specific antigen. But, these methods have definite leave out ofPca. Research for a new marker has focused on serum-based, tissue-based andurine-based markers. Despite extensive research efforts, very few biomarkersof Pca have been successfully implemented into clinical practice today andserum PSA test is still the most important biomarker for the detection andfollowup of Pca.Therefore, Searching for prostate cancer markers with diagnostic utility isa major challenge in cancer field. The experiment I do is to prove that thediagnosis GPC-3is an effective indicator of the prostate cancer, it will providemore theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis of the prostate cancer.Methods: Out of the total number of tissue samples,60paraffin blocksfrom patients with prostate disease were collected from department of urologyof Bethune International Peace Hospital for the period1998-2012. Prostaticadenocarcinoma (n=30) as experimental group, age ranged from55to89years old with the average of73. Average volume of prostate was73.30ml(13.89ml~192.20ml). Serum T-PSA(electrochemiluminescence) wasbetween6.6ng/ml to177ng/ml, mean values of T-PSA51.8ng/ml. Fuhrmangrading: high differentiated adenocarcinoma (n=4), low differentiatedadenocarcinoma (n=18) and moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma (n=8).Gleason score ranged from5to9with the average of7.2. UICC grading:22 cases ofⅠ～Ⅱperiod，8cases of Ⅲ～Ⅳperiod,5cases of prostate cancerwith bone metastasis, one with pelvic metastasis. The control group included30samples of hyperplasia of prostate, age ranged from43to79years old withthe average of73. Average volume of prostate was77.10ml(13.84ml~189.20ml). Serum T-PSA was between1.8ng/ml to15.3ng/ml, mean valuesof T-PSA4.3ng/ml.Specimens in10%formaldehyde were fixed and paraffins embedded.Immunohistochemical study Glypican-3about experiments to be carried outaccording to the method of PV operation. Positive and negative controls weredesigned, Positive immunohistochemical staining for kit comes with theresults as positive control. PBS alternative to primary antibody prostate cancertissue immunohistochemical staining results was negative controls.Determinant of the results：Using semi-quantitative scoring method toselect five views at high magnification (x400), samples according to theproportion of positive cells and dyeing depth show different score(<5%ofcells stained was0,5-25%of cells stained was1,26-50%of cells stained was2,26-50%of cells stained was3and>75%of cells stained was4); Dyeingdepth of the majority of cells show different grades of brown color intensity (3score for dark brown,2score for brown,1score for light brown to yellow,0score for without positive cells). Product of score of percentage of positivecells and score of immunostaining intensity graded were (0,－),(1～2score,＋),(3～4score,＋＋）,(5～12score,＋＋＋）. We define the low expressionwas–to++and high expression was＋＋to＋＋＋.Statistical analysis: The experimental data are analyzed by usingSPSS13.0statistical software, and using four chi-square test. P<0.05wassignificance in statistics.Results:1High expression of GPC-3in prostate cancer was significantly higherthan benign prostatic hyperplasia (P<0.05).2GPC-3in high Gleason score (≥7) specimens is significantly higherthan in low Gleason score (<7) specimens(P<0.05). 3Serum TPSA value of30cases of prostate cancer patients can find thatwith the increase of them, high expression of GPC-3also have an upwardtendency.Conclusion:1High expression of GPC-3protein in prostate cancer was significantthan that in benign prostatic hyperplasia, GPC-3may plays an important rolein occur and development of prostate cancer. Its mechanism remains to befurther research.2GPC-3in Gleason score≥7specimens is significantly higher thanin Gleason score <7. High expression of GPC-3may have a relationship withthe differentiation and classification of prostate cancer.