| Objectives①To obtain the three-dimensional data of the normal nasal cavity of different stages of ages with0-12years old in the normal Han Chinese crowd used by3D laser scanning technology, and rebuild its three dimensional models, then a scientific method for three dimensional analysis of nasal cavity would be established, and the law of the change of the nasal cavity morphology with age would be revealed.②To finish the morphological measurements of the normal nasolabial region of different stages of ages with0-12years old in the normal Han Chinese crowd used by Photogrammetry, and understand the law of the change of various parameters with age, and provide a basis for the operative design and the timing of repair selection of the unilateral cleft lip patients.MethodsPart I:The children of the normal development of the nasal cavity in the Han Chinese crowd aged0-12were selected as the research object. According to the different age, this study included10age groups,6cases in each group, and the male to female ratio of1:1, a total of60cases. Under general anesthesia and the safety of each research object ensured under the premise, the models of the nasal cavity were obtained. The3D point cloud data of the nasal cavity were achieved by scanning the models of each study object used3D laser scanner, then the3D point cloud images were acquired after computer engineering software Unigraphics NX8.5processing. Meanwhile, the3D reconstituted model of the nasal cavity for each group were finished by superposition, segmentation, removing bias, the data triangulation and other process of the point cloud images of the nasal cavity of each research object according to the age group, and then the corresponding indicators were measured on the four characteristic plane of the point cloud images of the each study object and the reconstituted model of each group of the study object. By age group, the paired t-test of the measured mean values of point cloud images and3D reconstituted model were done to know whether the3D reconstituted model can accurately reflect the real situation of the nasal cavity of each object. Simultaneously, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test were done among the groups in order to reveal the change of the indicators with age, such as the heights, widths and lengths of the nasal cavity, which reflected the morphology of the nasal cavity at the different characteristic plane. Part II:The children of the normal development of the nasolabial region in the Han Chinese crowd aged0-12were selected as the research object. According to the different age, this study included10age groups,20cases in each group, and the male to female ratio of1:1, a total of200cases. The photos of standard anteroposterior, mentonasal and lateral positions of the each research object were obtained. The anatomic points on the photos were marked, and seven indicators, which reflected the longitudinal and transverse anatomic characteristics of the nasolabial region, were selected and measured using photogrammetry, and all measurements were performed by Digimizer4.0.0.0image measurement software for5times. Among the groups, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test were done in order to reveal the law of the change of various parameters of the nasolabial region with age.ResultsPart I:The paired t-test of the mean values of the3D reconstituted models of the each group of the study object and3D point cloud images of the each study object were done, and the results showed, all P values were greater than0.05, no significant differences were found, and confirmed that the3D reconstituted model can accurately reflect the real situation of the nasal cavity of each object. The results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey test showed that there was no significant difference in the mean values of partial indicators in certain groups, and indicated distinct stages of the development of the nasal cavity. In the former and middle part of the nasal cavity, the change speed of height of the nasal cavity was obviously faster than width and length, mainly to the height increased; while the posterior part, dominated early to increase the width and later to increase the height. The long axis of the nasal cavity was gradually changed from horizontal to vertical in the basic section, and the increase in height of the nasal cavity in this section also existed obvious peak, were concentrated in0-1.5years old and4-9years old. The period of0-1years old and4-6years old was a stage of rapid development of the nasal cavity.Part II:One-way ANOVA found that all sig values were less than0.05, there were significant differences, and indicated the changes of the mean values with age. The results of Tukey test showed that there was no significant difference in the mean values of partial indicators in certain groups, and indicated distinct stages of the development of the nasolabial region. The width of upper lip rapidly grew in0-1years old and4-6years old, the height of philtrum in3-6months old and4-6years old, the nasal height in6months-2years old and4-6years old, the nasal width grew more gently, and nasolabial angle decreased significantly in6months-2years old and4-6years old, the other age is relatively smooth. Although the growth rate of the height and width of the upper lip, nasal height was not uniform and rapid growth period respectively, but the growth of the nose and the upper lip more coordination. ConclusionThe analysis method of three-dimensional laser scanning is an ideal method to analyze the nasal morphology of the normal crowd. This method can be applied to rebuild the normal morphology of the nasal cavity of the different ages, and quantitatively analyze the law of the change of the nasal cavity morphology with age. Photogrammetry can be used to finish the morphological measurements of the nasolabial region through the landmarks, and obtain the change tendency of the nasolabial development with age, and provide a basis for the operative design and the timing of repair selection of the unilateral cleft lip patients. |
PDF Full Text Request