Analysis Of Risk Factors Of Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

Background: Summarize of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis after permanentcardiac pacemaker implantation. Clear the risk factors of thrombosis in postoperativepatients. To take active preventive measures in high-risk patients as soon as possible.Methods: Follow-up the general information of160patients in our hospital whoregistered by permanent pacemaker carrier status between January2008and December2012, Such as: age, gender, whether smoking, primary disease, underlying diseases andthe data of pacemaker, the time of implantation, previous implantation procedure etc.The information of160patients was complete. The age from29-91years old, averageage of67.78±14.02years old; there were82males and female78cases.100casesconsolidate hypertension,65cases consolidate coronary heart disease,50casesconsolidate heart failure,48cases with diabetes, sick sinus syndrome in73cases,atrioventricular block (including third-degree atrioventricular block, highlyatrioventricular block, second degree atrioventricular block) in71cases, atrialfibrillation with slow ventricular rate in12cases, with ventricular tachycardia andventricular fibrillation in2cases, with cardiomyopathy in2cases. Each patientunderwent upper extremity venography or CT to explore upper extremity venousthrombosis after permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation. Based on angiography andCT scan the patients were divided into two groups: thrombotic events group and nothrombotic events group. The statistical analysis of age, gender, implant life, whethersmoking, underlying diseases, the number of electrode wire, number of operations andwhether consolidated hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes,whether there is statistically significant.Results: In the postoperative follow up,30patients occur venous stenosis, occlusionbecause of venous thrombosis, the incidence was18.63%. Two cases of patients have symptoms, in varying degrees of ipsilateral upper extremity swelling, pain, skin colorbecomes deeper, one patient’s activity was obviously limited.28patients areasymptomatic, they are rich in collateral circulation. There are26patients have leftsubclavian vein stenosis (mild stenosis10cases, moderate stenosis7cases, severestenosis, or even complete occlusion9cases);The axillary vein、brachial vein stenosis in3cases, the superior vena cava stenosis in1cases. Statistical analysis the risk factors forthe two groups of cardiac pacemakers postoperative thrombosis of upper extremityvenous or no thrombosis, the age increasing（OR1.455，95%CI1.919-1.993）, thenumber of wires implanted（OR1.364,95%CI1.231-1.833）, the time of operations（OR1.377,95%CI1.142-1.996）was statistically significant (P<0.05); and gender、Implant life、primary disease、whether smoking, consolidate or no hypertension,coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis is a common complication ofpostoperative of permanent cardiac pacemaker implanted. The risk factors ofimplantation upper extremity venous thrombosis include increasing age, the number ofwires, the times of operations.