The Investigation On Interfering The High Risk Factors Of Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque By Individualized Health Education

BackgroundThe formation of carotid atherosclerotic plague is a common pathological basisof coronary heart disease and cerebral vascular disease, and the risk factors for carotidartery plaque formation is also risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovasculardisease. Just as we successfully interfere with the risk factors, associated with carotidartery plaque, so we interfere with the same ones for cardiovascular andcerebrovascular disease. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a seriousthreat to human’s health, and are harmful to health and life in elderly residents ofChina. The control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in patients with riskfactors can significantly reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality rates. It is thekey to reduce morbidity and mortality of risk factors associated with carotid arteryplaque for comprehensive prevention and control of the patients.ObjectivesThe purposes of the investigation were to analyze the impacts of cardiovascularand cerebrovascular disease in patients with carotid artery plaque for its high-riskfactors by individualized health education, to evaluate the effects of individualizedhealth education in them in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease bycontrolling its high-risk ones, and to provide a theoretical basis for the effects of individualized health education in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovasculardisease.MethodsWe used the quasi-experimental research methods in this study. The clinical dataof patients, having ever hospitalized in Guangzhou First Municipal People’s Hospital,Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangdong Province People’s Hospital from April2011to July2011, with carotid atherosclerosis plaque in cardiovascular andcerebrovascular disease by the examination of color Doppler ultrasound, werecollected. Then it was randomly classified individualized group (n=107, missing13cases) and traditional group (n=110, missing10cases). The individualized groupobtained individualized health care after systemic education and regular follow-up,while the tradional group only obtained systemic education. Then the changes invarious parameters between the two groups were observed after four months.Results(1) Through the baseline data on the balance test, two groups of data wereconsidered balanced comparable (P>0.05).(2) The analysis outcome indicated that the comparison in the test group beforeand after the intervention. The proportion of smoking and alcohol consumptiondeclined in the experimental group before and after the educational intervention,while the one of normal blood pressure increased, and the differences werestatistically significant (P<0.05). The adoption rate of behavior for complying withthe health care plan, seeking to promote healthy behavior, awareness of the diseaseand regular physical exercise increased, meanwhile, the proportion of numbers ofphysical exercise≥4times/week enhanced from23.4%to69.1%, and the differenceswere statistically significant (P<0.01). The differences among the index for systolicblood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum creatinine inexperimental group were statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) The analysis outcome showed that the comparison in the control group beforeand after the intervention. There were no significantive differences among the index for BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, serum cholesterol,triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and serum creatinine in the control group before andafter the educational intervention (P>0.05). The adoption rate of behavior for theawareness of disease and regular physical exercise increased, and the proportion ofnumbers of physical exercise≥4times/week rose simultaneously, the differenceswere statistically significant (P<0.05). While there were no significantive differencesin the adoption rate of behavior for complying with the health care plan and seeking topromote healthy behavior (P>0.05).(4) The analysis outcome showed that the comparison between the experimentalgroup and the control group after four month. The proportion of normal bloodpressure and normal weight in the experimental group were higher than those ofcontrol group, while experimental group of drinking was lower than that of controlgroup, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there wereno significantive differences among the rest of the index (P>0.05). Compared to thecontrol group, experimental group had better improvement on the adoption rate ofbehavior for complying with the health care plan, seeking to promote healthy behavior,awareness of the disease and regular physical exercise and the proportion of numbersof physical exercise≥4times/week, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The differences were statistically significant between the index for bloodpressure and serum creatinine (P<0.05), while there were no significantive differencesamong the rest of the index (P>0.05).(5) Mono-factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis demonstrated thatthe score on the medication compliance of patients in the experimental group beforeand after intervention was mainly influenced by course of the disease, health status,work intensity and awareness of the disease. Cultivation level, occupation, andmedical expenses had no significative relationship to the score.Conclusions(1) Individual group was more effective than traditional group on improvementof risk factors, health-related behavior and medication compliance in patients with carotid artery plaque.(2) Individual group was more effective than traditional group on improvementof blood pressure and serum creatinine in patients with carotid artery plaque, whilewas less effective on BMI, C-reactive protein, serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C andtriglyceride.