| Objective:With the development of the society and the progress of science and technology, electronics such as computer, television, mobile phone, microwave oven, induction cooker, electric blanket and duplicator machine play an important role in our life. So we are being exposed in the electromagnetic field that release by these electronics. It’s reported that electromagnetic is one kind of pollution which already attracted widely attention of the world. But there still are some debates about whether electromagnetic field exposure in daily life can effect on pregnancy and the effectiveness of the electromagnetic pollution prevention measures such as radiation-proof clothes. The study retrospectively compare the mothers in early pregnancy who were exposed in the field of household appliances and the protective measures, to analyze the effect of electromagnetic exposure on early pregnancy in daily life, to find out the risk factors on adverse pregnancy, and to explore the effectiveness of electromagnetic pollution prevention measures, and to provide scientific basis for prenatal and postnatal care and fostering physical fitness among the population of China.Methods:This is a clinical epidemiological investigation. We observed some local resident pregnant women who had treatment in general hospital of Tianjian medical university from July2010to November2011.199pregnant women in case group were all diagnosed of spontaneous abortion, missed abortion, stillbirth, fetal malformations, intrauterine growth restriction and delivery of full-term low birth weight infants without chromosome abnormality.201pregnant women in control group were all who had antenatal examination and experienced normal delivery process in the same hospital. All the subjects filled the epidemic questionnaires with the unified standards which including living environment and the protective measures in early stage of pregnancy in order to make sure the influence of electromagnetic field exposure for early pregnancy and the effectiveness of electromagnetic pollution prevention measures.All data was done with the single factor analysis, the count data in two groups was compared with chi-square test or fisher exact probability method, the measurement data for non-normal distribution in two groups with rank sum test, two group data was selected, one of them is the factor of saying statistically significant difference between the two groups done with the single factor analysis and being probably associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes by expertise judgment, the other is the related protective measures factor of saying statistically significant difference by the single factor analysis, the data of two groups were respectively analyzed with the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis to get the influencing factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effectiveness of protective measures factors.Results:The weekly usage time,carrying time and carrying ratio of mobile phone, the usage ratio and weekly usage time of cordless telephone,computer, electromagnetic furnace, copier, the usage ratio microwave oven, and the distance away from the microwave oven in the case group were statistically higher than those in the control group (P<0.05)in the univariate analysis of the influence of electromagnetic field exposure for early pregnancy.Involved the autonomous variable which associated with adverse pregnancy (P<0.2) in the univariate analysis to the conditional Logistic stepwise regression analysis, we found that the hazards of the adverse pregnancy including missed abortion history, menstrual capacity decreasing, having drugs in first trimester of pregnancy, strain working and frequently making up. The electromagnetic exposure factors that are statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group with the univariate analysis, are not statistically significant difference with multivariate analysis (P>0.05). The univariate analysis of the electromagnetic pollution prevention measures showed that women in case group had lower proportion and later stage of wearing radiation-proof clothes (P<0.05). On the diet, pregnant women in case group were no usually eating tomato, rape, kelp, lean meat compared control group(P<0.05). When the effect of the other factors is adjusted, there is significant difference in the ratio of wearing radiation-proof clothes,eating tomato and rape between two groups (P<0.05),Conclusions:The electromagnetic field exposure in the early time of pregnancy by the usage of mobile phone, television, computer, microwave oven, copier, electromagnetic furnace, electric blanket, cordless telephone etc. electronic products has no effect on embryonic development. Our study proved that it is safe for using appliances.Missed abortion history, menstrual capacity decreasing, having drugs in first trimester of pregnancy, strain working and frequently making up is the hazards of adverse pregnancy. The measures like radiation-proof clothes-wearing, eating tomatoes and rape in early stage of pregnancy can prevent the effect of electromagnetic exposure on the pregnancy outcome. |
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