The Effects Of Self-management Intervention Based On The Self-efficacy Theory On Patients With Asthma

Background:Studies had approved that self-management interventions for asthma patients can reduce medical resource utilization and the number of asthma attacks at night, and improve the patient’s quality of life, but the concrete form of the intervention were not clear, many researchers have indicated that we should develop interventions based on certain theory to guide the concrete implementation of interventions, It has been confirmed in many studies that self-management interventions for chronic patients which use the self-efficacy theory as the guidance can improve patients’self-management behaviors and health status. In china, the evaluation index for asthma self-management intervention was not comprehensive, several studies were short of parallel control, so it is necessary to examine the effect of self-management intervention based on the self-efficacy theory in patients with asthma in China.Objective: To evaluate the effects of self-management intervention based on the self-efficacy theory for improving asthma patients’self-management behaviors and health outcomes.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was used in the study. The sample contained sixty-six patients from PUMC Hospital of Beijing. They were randomly divided into two groups—he intervention group and the control group. Based on the self-efficacy theory, the intervention group got a knowledge manual. They were asked to repeat operation demonstration, to develop an action plan and the control objective, and to keep an asthma diary to enrich their direct experience. They each got a book on the patients’experience of asthma control to enrich their vicarious experience. They also got supervision by telephone or network and face-to-face individual instructions to improve their emotional situation. The control group was given normal treatment and the knowledge manual. The self-management behaviors were measured using the self-management behavior questionnaire, the asthma control were evaluated by the asthma control test (ACT), and quality of life were measured by the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ). These three indicators were collected before intervention, one month in intervention, and three months in intervention. Medical resource utilization were recorded at one and three months in intervention.Results:Sixty-one patients completed data collection over three months, with thrity-one patients in the intervention group and thirty patients in the control group.(l)At one month:The total scores, scores of the monitoring section, scores of the attendance section of the self-management behaviors questionnaire for the intervention group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). No differences were found in other indicators(P>0.05).(2)At three months:The total scores,scores of all sections of the self-management behaviors questionnaire for the intervention group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The ACT levels for the intervention group were better than that of the control group(P<0.05). Except for the activity limited dimension, the sores of the rest dimensions and the total scores of the AQLQ for the intervention group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05), while no difference was found in the medical resource utilization.(3) At one month and three month in intervention, the total scores and the scores of all sections of the self-management behaviors questionnaire, the ACT levels, the total scores and the scores of all dimentions of the AQLQ were higer than before the intervention.Conclusions:The self-management intervention based on the self-theory can improve the asthma patients self-management behaviors, it can also improve the patients asthma control and quality of life, providing an effective method for the management of asthma patients.