| Objective:Diabetes mellitus is a cluster of metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Multiple system injuries may occur with the progress of diabetes. In recent years,the problem of diabetes sexual and reproductive dysfunction has aroused people’s concern.Diabetes may reduce the serum testosterone level and lead to the decrease in the number of sperm cells.But The mechanism has not been clear. Recent studies showed immune and inflammation were closely associated with the initiation and development of diabetes. TGF-β1、NF-κB were inflammatory facters and the recent researches showed the abnormal expression of TGF-β1、NF-κB may join testicular damage caused by diabetes.Pioglitazone, one of the thiazolidinediones(TZDs), which plays a role in the protection of testis through a variety of ways, including regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, improving inflammation. Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc is a kind of valuable, traditional and invigorating the kidney herb in our country. It is confirmed that Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.)Sacc has the effect of reinforcing on kidneys and lungs, improving fragile conditions, and assisting pneuma. Previous studies found that CS has some therapeutic effects on hypogo-nadism caused by diabetes, but the exact mechanism is not clear.In this study. Cordyceps sinensis cultivated by artificial fermentation and Pioglitazone were applied to the diabetic rats. The expression of TGF-β1、NF-κB of the testis were detected by the use of pathological morphology and molecular biology. Our aim was to assess the potential relevance of the TGF-β1and NF-κB in the occurrence and development of diabetes sexual and reproductive dysfunction. At the same time, the testis protective mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis cultivated by artificial fermentation and Pioglitazone were investigated in this study.Methods:90eight-week male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly:10normal control rats (group CON) and80experimental rats. The DM rat models were made by intravenous injection of STZ(45mg/kg).Then, they were randomly assigned into six groups, including control group (group CON), diabetes group (group DM), small-dose CS group (group L,0.6g/kg/d), medium-dose CS group (group M,2.5g/kg/d),large-dose CS group(group H,5g/kg/d), PIO treatment group(group PIO,4mg/kg/d).Eight weeks later, renal function,total cholesterol, urine albumin were evaluated. The morphologic change of testis was observed under light microscopy, the expressions of TGF-β1、NF-κB protein and mRNA were dected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chainreaction(RT-PCR).Results:1. In group DM, the seminiferous tubule was decreased and lost normal structure with Leydig cells severe hyperplasia and a large number of lymphocytic infiltration. The changes mentioned above were relieved to some extent in the groups treated with PIO or CS. Furthermore, the effects in group H and PIO were better than those in groups L or M (P＜0.05).2. Compared with the control group, the expression of TGF-β1was remarkably increased in group DM. The expression of TGF-β1was obviously decreased in PIO or CS treatment groups than in group DM. TGF-β1were significantly lower in group H than those in groups L、M or PIO (P＜0.05).3. Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB was remarkably increased in group DM.The expression of NF-κB was obviously decreased in PIO or CS treatment groups than in group DM. NF-KBwere significantly lower in group H and PIO than those in groups L or M (P＜0.05).Conclusions:1.Our expression has shown the seminiferous tubule was decreased and lost normal structure with Leydig cells severe hyperplasia and a large number of lymphocytic infiltration in STZ induced diabetic rats.2. In diabetic rats, the expression of TGF-β1NF-κB was remarkably increased and the injury of testis was related to the abnormal expression of TGF-β1、NF-κB.3. Our data has shown the testis protective effect of both CS and PIO on diabetic kidney disease. The mechanisms may be related to inhibit the expression of TGF-β1、NF-κB.The testis protective effects seem to be independent of blood glucose contro1.4.Our data indicated that CS has some dose dependent effects. |
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