| Objective:Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important organic chemical raw material, mainly used as monomer in the synthesis of polycarbonate (PC) and epoxy resin (ER). Polycarbonate can be used in food containers, such as mineral water bottles, baby bottles, kitchen utensils, etc.; epoxy resin commonly used for the internal coating of food and beverage cans. Bisphenol A is an endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), Low dose exposure can cause estrogenic effects, it also has reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and may also lead to heart disease, and even cause cancer, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. Mass production and widely used of the bisphenol A, resulting in a large number of bisphenol A is discharged into the environment, especially in various types of water, lead to bisphenol A pollution. Bisphenol A may slowly release and migrate into food or drinking water while dining utensils which contain bisphenol A are in using or handling, thus resulting in food or drinking water contaminated. How can remove bisphenol A in water? What is the efficiency of the conventional water treatment process on removal of bisphenol A existed in water? It has become an issue of concern. The purpose of this study is to establish a sensitive,specific and rapid analystic method for detecting trace amount of bisphenol A, investigate the pollution of bisphenol A in various water bodies in Suzhou, understand the degree of pollution in water,and commercially available major brands of bottled water and barrelled water as well as dining utensils in the use process of dissolution of bisphenol A levels were determined to understand residues and dissolution of bisphenol A in these products,and finally, to select the most effective technique for removing bisphenol A from water,some treatment methods were chosen. This study aims to provide a reference for the removal of bisphenol A. Methods:The study is divided into four parts. The first part, optimization of the experimental conditions and instrument parameters, establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of trace bisphenol A in water samples, and the method is applied to other parts of the study. The second part, determine the content of bisphenol A in variety of water samples collected in Suzhou, including surface water, sources of drinking water and the corresponding peripheral water of waterworks, groundwater in different functional areas and spring water, rainwater in Suzhou urban, etc., it’s the first report of a comprehensive, systematic investigation for the contamination of bisphenol A in various of water samples in Suzhou. The third part, determination of the content of bisphenol A in commercially available major brands of bottled water and barrelled water, as well as the dissolve out content of bisphenol A from a variety of dining utensils in the use of the simulation. The fourth part, using multiple treatment methods for processing of a bisphenol A-containing water sample, and the removal efficiency of the various methods of bisphenol A in water was observed.Results:(1) The calibration curve of bisphenol A showed a good linearity in the range of1.0-500ng/ml, the regression equation was y=0.00362x+0.0025, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.9999; the limit of detection (S/N=3) was0.1ng/L; the recovery rates were72.81%-102.18%; the relative standard deviation (n=6) was RSD=2.31%.The method is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative determination of trace amounts of bisphenol A in water.(2) All of the environmental water samples collected in Suzhou can be detected bisphenol A, the lowest concentration of bisphenol A is21.70ng/L in the spring water sample, the highest concentration of bisphenol A is222.75ng/L in the Yangtze River (Changshu section) water sample; in Suzhou, the main source of drinking water samples and their corresponding waterworks peripheral water samples are detected the presence of bisphenol A, and the concentration in the source water samples were higher than the corresponding peripheral water samples, the concentration of bisphenol A in source water samples and peripheral water samples were19.15-147.00ng/L and10.60-33.20ng/L respectively; the groundwater samples in the major functional areas of Suzhou can be detected bisphenol A, the highest concentration of bisphenol A is346.00ng/L in the well water sample collected near by the Liuerfeng plastic factory in the industrial area, the lowest concentration of bisphenol A is12.65ng/L in the Xupu village well water sample in the agricultural area; the concentrations of bisphenol A in different well water samples are quite different within the same functional area. Overall, the lowest concentration of bisphenol A in groundwater samples appeared in agricultural areas, and the highest in the industrial area;(3) Commercially available major brands of bottled water and barrelled water can be detected bisphenol A, the concentration range of bisphenol A in bottled water was1.18-11.40ng/L,the concentration range of bisphenol A in barrelled water was3.15-55.00ng/L,a variety of dining utensils have a bisphenol A dissolution under simulated conditions of use, the concentration range of bisphenol A dissolved in water samples was20.95-135.85ng/L, the highest concentration of the dissolution of bisphenol A appeared in baby bottles.(4) The treatment methods adopted in the present experiment can remove bisphenol A in water. Single treatment methods, the removal rate of the the chlorination method on bisphenol A in water was up to99.11%, while the removal rate of the boiling of water on bisphenol A in water was only31.43%; joint treatment methods, the removal rate of coagulation+filtration treatment on bisphenol A in water was53.66%, the removal rate of coagulation+filtration+chlorination treatment on bisphenol A in water was99.87%, the removal rate of coagulation+filtration treatment in combination with other treatment methods on bisphenol A in water were59.56%-85.86%.Conclusion:(1) This study established a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for detection of trace amounts of bisphenol A in water samples. The method has good repeatability and reliability, simple and quick, sensitive and accurate, the method is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative determination of trace amounts of bisphenol A in water samples.(2) Surface water, groundwater, Rainwater, drinking water sources and their corresponding waterworks peripheral water in Suzhou can be detected bisphenol A, pollution of bisphenol A in water is widespread.(3) Commercially available major brands of bottled water and barrelled water as well as dining utensils in daily use were detected bisphenol A, showed that the dietary exposure to bisphenol A is ubiquitous, should be enact relevant standards as soon as possible;(4) The multiple treatment methods used in the experiment have a certain effect in the removal of bisphenol A in water, but the removal rate is different, removal rate of coagulation+filtration+chlorination of bisphenol A in water reached99.87%, show that the conventional water treatment methods were used in water plant can effectively remove bisphenol A in water. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water joint treatment methods should be chosed. |
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