| Coleus forskohlii (Wild.) Briq belongs to Lamiaceae is a Perennial herb. The crop grows in India and Yunnan China, people calls the plant "magic pill". Modern research shown that the extract could strong heart, decrease the blood pressure, treatment of asthma, anti-thrombotic and other pharmacological effects. Hubei Pharmaceutical company developed as "Coleus Capsule", a new varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and transplanted C. forskohlii in Tongcheng. In this paper, thought the methods of plant anatomy, tissue staining, microscopic observation and GC-MS to study root, stem, leaf and swelling part of C. forskohlii plants structural characteristics, and research the chemical composition secreted by Glandular hairs, in order to provide a scientific basis of grow Coleus1. Structure of plant organs Through studying the anatomy structure which transplant in Tongcheng to improve growing conditions and the quality. The root, stem, leaf and swelling part of C. forskohlii plants were subject to routine paraffin section and staining with safranin and fast green FCF before examination by light microscopy. Results shown the secondary tissue is well developed in root, and stem showed a higher percentage of cortex and pitch, and4large vascular bundles. Leaf epidermis is coved by lots of trichomes, including glandular trichomes, glandular scale, linear non-glandular hairs, and mesophyll tissue poorly differentiated to palisade and spongy tissue. Enlarged rhizome, unconspicuous root tuber and poorly differentiated leaf mesophyll cells are3main different features in plants of Tongcheng. These results provide scientific basises for formulating quality standards, further cultivation and utilization of the plant.2. glandular hairs morphological study By scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy studying C. forskohlii different growing parts and leaf surface. The results shown that glandular hairs and linear non-glandular hairs on the surface of the leaves. Glandular hairs can be divided into peltate glandular hairs and head-like glandular hairs, the head-like hairs consisted of a basal cell, a short unicellular stalk and a secretory head. Head-like glandular hairs have two categories according to their structure:long handle and short handle glandular hairs, short handle glandular hairs usually close to leaf epidermis, which constitutes of a cell and basal cell; the basal cell of long handle glandular hairs extending longitudinally and usually consists of2-6rectangular cells. Peltate glandular hairs have a large round head, the head cuticle secretion cavity secretions accumulate differences secretion, so the head yellow or brown, and the cells of the secretory head also had a thick cuticle which lifted to form a large sub-cuticular chamber for the secretory material accumulated.The bamboo-like Non-glandular hairs were multicellular, unbranched, uniseriate, Straight or slightly curved, with distinct articulation between cells,and there was no secretory head. The stalks had a length of200-600um. They were observed on leaves and calyces.C. forskohlii flower head shaped glandular hairs, two shield-shaped glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs on the stems, leaves and flowers both sides vegetative organs are distributed, stems from top to bottom, glandular hairs, non-glandular Mao gradually rarely in calyx, glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs on the smaller distribution density receptacle, greater density distribution in the blade surface,3. Chemical constituents of secretions3.1Histochemical The specimen of fresh material was hand-sectioned, and make a temporary slide. The following histochemical reactions were carried out:Sudan Ⅲ for total lipids;ferric chloride for polyphenols;concentrated sulfuric acid for Sesquiterpene;2,4-dinitrophenyl for terpenes. For the fluorescence microscopy investigation, the material was also hand-sectioned and treat with Aluminum trichloride for Flavonoids,and was viewed by the OLYPUMS fluorescence microscope with HBO50W mercury vapour lamp. Bright green was observed with ferric chloride in the capitate hairs. With Concentrated sulfuric acid solution, the capitate hairs of type1and2showed metachromatic yellow staining of secretory head, with time they might turn brownish, and the stalk cells were Colorless and transparent. The peltate trichomes showed yellow or tan without dye so we couldn’t observe the Reaction phenomenon. And there was no secretions On the surface of non glandular hairs and no color reactions. With sudan Ⅲ all the glandular hair showed pink-red stained heads.2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine gave a black color Mainly in the head of all glandular hairs. The chemical composition of glandular hairs secretions were complex, in order to study its chemical composition, we carried out a study of GC-MS.3.2GC-MS Fresh leaves of non-flowering plants were immersed with500ml of dichloromethane, The essential oil of C. forskohlii was The bright yellow or tan,and its qualitative and quantitative composition was vary during the vegetative period, about One hundred and fifty volatile components were detected,of which thirty-seven compounds were identified. The essential oil was obtained from vegetative part-leaves, with terpenes, aliphataic alcohols, hydrocarbons, and aldehydes, and nonanal. Among the37identified components in the essential oil of C. forskohlii leaves collected in tongcheng, the main compounds were alpha-Amyrin..The result of histochemical shows that the extraction including terpenoids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and GC-MS shows37chemical composition of leaf glandular hairs secretions has been analyzed and identified, the mainly components is terpenoids. We also find the composition of the plant in Tongcheng or Yunnan is similar.In this paper, study anatomy, morphology and composition of the secretions of glandular hairs, and the result achieves the desired objectives. Provides a scientific basises for formulating quality standards, further cultivation and utilization of the plant. |
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