Archaea Community Diversity Of Latitudinal Zonality Soil In China

Differet from Bacteria and Eukaryota, Archaea is another microorganism domain of biological classification composition. Its cell sturcture is simillar to Bacteria, but its genetic, physiology and biochemistry are simillar to Eukaryota. There are three main phyla belonged to Archaea kingdom, which are Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. These archaea participate in the biogeochemistry of carbon and nitrogen cycles, such as ammoxidation reaction and methanation reaction. There are few studies about microbial diversity in large space scale, especially archaea. Most of them foucs on the diversity and distribution of bacteria and fungi communities and thier affecting factors. However, it is few that the study of driving factors of archaea diversity and distribution. This study is aimed at the archaea community diversity and disbution and the effects of the environment and soil factors on them in the main latitudinal zonal soils of China.According to the result of archaea community taxnonmy classification, there are only0.06%sequences that can’t be classified in average. The archaea sequences are mainly belong to Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Thaumarchaeota is deemed to the category of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, however, there is no Euryarchaeota in north China. Candidates Niturososphaera of Thaumarchaeota, which has nitrosylation function, distributes in north China, but Candidates Nitrosotalea of Thaumarchaeota, which has same function, distributes in south China. Few archaea sequences can be classified to order in recent database.Alpha-and beta-diversity indices are calculated. The average Good’s Coverage is0.738, showing a good completion of samples. Chaol, Shannon and Simpson indices appear the difference between north and south China. These indices are even in north China, but those are various in south China. In beta-diversity index, it can be seen from Jaccard index that the difference exists in soils between north and south. In addition, there are also two group in soils of south China. During the study of effects of the environment and soil factors on archaea community diversity and disbution in the main latitudinal zonal soils of China, Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Multivariate regression tree (MRT) are used to analyzed these effecions. From CCA analysis, differences between north and south and in south are obviously. Soil pH, the annual mean rainfall (R) and annual mean temperature (T) are the main factors causing the difference between north and south of China, and amorphous Al2O3(Alo) is the main factors causing the difference in zonal soils of south China. In MRT analysis, diversity indices showed the difference in soils between north and south China. Soil pH is the main factor causing the difference in Archaea class level.