Research On Variety Crops Precision Fertilization Management Based On GIS

Massive amounts of information and data was accumulated in the process of generalizing soil testing and formulated fertilization in China. On one hand some powerful database systems are required to store and manage these information and data, on the other hand, these vast amounts of information and data has not been sufficiently used in practice, which is a waste of resource. One reason of this situation is no effective and practical fertilization management system was established, especially lacking some easily handled systems for farmers to manage fertilization. Most of the research and existing fertilization systems are aimed at just one single crop and need separate devotion to develop and maintain. Many one crop fertilization systems are staying in the trial stage for hard to generalize and low utilization. Influenced by both natural factors like climate, soil parent material, soil and human factors like fertilization habits, farming styles, large variations are found in soil fertility, the application of soil testing and formulated fertilization will do great good to increase crop yield and improving soil fertility. For now, the popularization and application of soil testing and formulated fertilization in rural areas is not so well, the advancements of this technology has not fully express yet, so the farmers can not benefit from it sufficiently.Taking all these problems into consideration, making the most of existing soil testing data, rubber leave sampling data, Danzhou soil type map, Danzhou village level administrative map and other resources, using software ArcGIS9.3, GS+7.0to analyzing spatial variation of soil nutrients, formulated reasonable fertilization management unit, set up different crops fertilization model, formulated village level fertilization formulas, and worked out specific amount of fertilizer. Base on these achievements, store and manage primary data and fertilization information via Geodatabase. Made an active exploration of enhancing Danzhou farmland management, increasing crop yield, protecting farmland ecological environment. Research conclusions show in following text.(1) Through geostatistical analysis of Danzhou dry land soil and paddy field soil to get the spatial distribution of soil nutrient, figured out large variations exist in Danzhou soil nutrient. The variation coefficient of soil total nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter in dry land are about50%, the variation coefficient of soil available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium are about80%to90%, these nutrients are of moderate intensity variation. The ratio of nugget/sill of soil total nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter, exchangeable calcium in dry land are all less than25%, and are all of strong spatial autocorrelation, the main course of this variation is natural factors like landform, climate, soil parent material and so on. The ratio of nugget/sill of soil available potassium and exchangeable magnesium are among25%～75%, are of moderate intensity spatial autocorrelation, which is influenced by both natural factors and human factors. The variation coefficient of soil available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter in paddy field are about48%to76%, are of moderate intensity variation, the variation coefficient of soil available phosphorus is145%, which belongs to strong variation. The ratio of nugget/sill of soil available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter in paddy field are all less than25%, are of strong spatial autocorrelation, the main course of this variation is natural factors like landform, climate, soil parent material and so on. The ratio of nugget/sill of soil available potassium is among25%～75%, of moderate intensity spatial autocorrelation, which is influenced by both natural factors and human factors.(2) Based on soil nutrient distribution situation, rubber leave nutrient distribution situation, making use of existing research results, adopting different way, formulated village level fertilization formulas for private rubber plantations, rice and Cucubita moschata Poiret in Danzhou, and worked out specific fertilizer amount. The fertilization formula number of private rubber is32, which N:P2O5:K2O: MgO is about1:(0.2～0.6):(0.4～0.9)’(0.1～0.4). Dividing rice target production into five level which is330～380kg,380～430kg,430～480kg,480～530kg,530～580kg per667m2, the fertilization formula number of these division is28,19,18,12,12. The N: P2O5:K2O is about18:(9～13):(15～21). The fertilization number of Cucubita moschata Poiret is12, which N:P2O5:K2O is about1:(0.7～0.8):(2.2～3.2).(3) Using Personal Geodatabase technology to build Danzhou crops elaborate fertilization management database, which include1:50000Danzhou administrative map, soil type map, land use map, Danzhou crops fertilization map and other spatial data, include Danzhou soil sampling data information table, Danzhou rubber tree leave sampling data information table and other attribute data. Standardized code every kind of data, connect spatial data and attribute data with the only corresponding ID code, then classified store and manage these data, to meet the demands of import and store data, analyze and mange information, display and export result of users, and realized the multiple function of analyze information, nutrient content check out and fertilization recordation for different crops in one same village.