Study On Seasonal Diversity Of Fungi In Calemmia Senensis And Analysis Of Their Antagonistic And Degradation Activity

Rhizosphere of the tea plant is the main place for tea plant to obtain nutrition and soil-rhizosphere-microbial combined interaction. The activities in the rhizosphere environment were playing an important role in the growth of tea plant. In recent years, endophytic fungi of plant were wide spread concern in our world, more and more researchers focused on these kinds of study. Compared to endophytic fungi of other plant, few studies about endophytic fungi of tea plant have been investigated.Using the technique of molecular identification of fungal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) section, we firstly performed a systematic study on species and diversity of endophytic fungi from root and rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis in different seasons. The antagonist of endophytic fungi and analysis of active ingredients were studied, as well as the analysis of fungal degradation of the pruning from tea plant.1. A total of2019fungi were isolated from root endophyte and rhizosphere soil of tea plant(Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in different seasons, including826endophytic fungi and1193fungi fromthe rhizosphere soil.28species of15genera of fungi were identified, which includes12species of endophytic fungi and20species of fungi in the rhizosphere soil, using the technique of rDNA-ITS sequence of the fungi The diversity analysis of the fungi isolated from different seasons indicated that the difference of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was insignificant among endophytic fungi from three seasons, while evenness index from summer was the highest. Species of fungi in the rhizosphere soil from spring, summer and autumn were18,17and20, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index of fungi in the rhizosphere soil had no significant difference. Compared to the root endophytic fungi, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index of fungi in the rhizosphere soil in spring and autumn had significant difference and was higher, but both had no significant difference in summer.2. Two endophytic fungal strains, Pseudocercospora kaki and Penicillium sclerotiorum, were isolated from healthy leaves of Camellia sinensis. The inhibitory activity of these two fungi against Magnaporthe grisea in the dual culture was compared with monoculture. The results showed that the broth and its acetic ether extract of the dual-culture had much stronger inhibition activity against Magnaporthe grisea, as compared to monocultures of Pseudocercospora kaki and Penicillium sclerotiorum. The inhibition rate of the broth from dual culture to the mycelial growthof Magnaporthe grisecrwas78.02%±2.19% in different incubated period. The inhibition rate of acetic ether extract of the dual-culture on the mycelial growth of Magnaporthe griseawas62.81%±2.29%. Qualitative analysis of acetic ether extract by GC-MS revealed the composition of dual-culture was more than monoculture. Compared to the acetic ether extract of monoculture, the main composition of acetic ether extract of dual-culture has11types. However, acetic ether extract of Pseudocercospora kaki monoculture has6types and Penicillium sclerotiorum monoculture has5types. The same4types of composition in the three kinds of acetic ether extract which is Glycerol;4-Hydroxyphenyl ethanol;1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxy valeraldehyde;1,2-Benzene-dicarboxylic acid dicyclohexyl ester. These data will help elucidate the mechanisms that the composition acetic ether extract of the dual-culture uses for the biocontrol of plant pathogens.3. The study of fungal degradation of the prunings from tea plant was also investigated. Two kinds of treatment as follows:(FG) applied separately Trichoderma brevicompactum;(BF) applied Trichoderma brevicompactum and fermentation broth, analysis of the degradation to the prunings from tea plant. The results showed that applied Trichoderma brevicompactum can accelerate browning of the pruning from tea plant. The rate of degradation of cellulosein the two groups of treatment has a significant difference, according to the control group. The treatment of FG and BF, cellulose degradated rapidly in the first ten days, and degradation rates were14.18%±0.28%and11.64%±0.74%, respectively. After60days, contents of cellulose changed to5.39%±0.43%and5.06%±0.18%, the degradation rates were77.51%±0.43%and78.89%±0.18%, respectively. The degradation rate of cellulose was similarly in two kinds of treatment. However, the rate of degradation of ligninin the two kinds of treatment has a significant difference. The effect of lignin degradation had promoting on the treatment of FG and BF. The degradation rate of lignin has accelerated between30to45days. Contents of lignin were8.80%±0.16%and8.49%±0.29%, while the degradation rates were62.10%±0.16% and63.44%±0.29%.