| Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera-Scatopsidae) is one of important pests of oyster mushroom in China, and mainly distributes in Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Fujian province, etc. C. fuscipes larvae cause severe damage in multiple edible fungi, such as yellow-back agaric, oyster mushroom, flammulina velutipes, blackfungus, and tremella. C. fuscipes feeds on the mycelium of the oyster mushroom, resulting that damaged hyphae decline, and fungus bags turn black and rot. At the same time, the larvae transport virus during their growth, resulting in the secondary damage of the fungus bagsand the decrease in quality and productivity of mushroom. After the harm of agaric auricle, the auricle deforms, turns black and rots, which reduces the productivity of mushroom and severely damages the quality of mushroom. Presently, the prevention and control of C. fuscipes are still chemical control. But, chemical control may produce a series of problems, such as pest resistance, environment pollution, excessive pesticide residues in the mushroom body. It is safe, effective, environmentally friendly to use pheromone to trap and kill insects, which is one of the important sustainable pest control measures.In this study, the microstructure of C. fuscipes antenna sensillum was observed. Crude extracts of pheromone were collected using immersion and headspace extraction method. The pheromone components were identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The main research results are as follows:1. Scanning electron microscope of antenna sensorThe antenna of male and female adultC. fuscipeswas short rod-like. Each antenna consisted of3segments:a basal scape (Sc), pedicel (Pd), and flagellum with8flagellomeres.Four types of sensilla were found on the antenna of C. fuscipes:chaetie sensilla (Ch), trichoid sensilla (Tr), basiconic sensilla (Ba), and coeloconic sensilla (Cl).Moreover, Ba was consisted of three subtypes. Microtrichia was densely covered with the cuticular surface of flagellum.2. Extraction and indentification analysis of pheromoneCrude extracts from adult C. fuscipes and hosts were collected using immersion and headspace extraction method, respectively. GC-EAD(coupled gas chromatography electroantennogram detection)responses of male and female C. fuscipes to crude extracts were investigated. The results showed that male C. fuscipes showedelectrophysiological responses to the crude extracts from female C. fuscipes, and had no electrophysiological responses to crude extracts from male C. fuscipes.Female C. fuscipes had no electrophysiological response peak to crude extracts from both male and female C. fuscipes. Male and female C. fuscipes had a same response to the host volatiles, and had a different response peak, respectively. Y-tube olfactometer also indicated that male C. fuscipes was attracted to crude extracts from female C. fuscipes.The electrophysiological response peak of male adult C. fuscipes corresponding to the materials was investigated using GC-MS. The result revealed the material was borneol, which included sinistral borneol and dextral borneol.GC-EAD tests were conducted on the response of male and female C. fuscipes antenna to the sinistral borneol and dextral borneol. The results revealed that dextral borneol elicited an electrophysiological response of male C. fuscipes antenna, while sinistral borneol could not elicit the same response. Quantitative analysis of dextral borneol was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of dextral borneol in the crude extracts from female C. fuscipes was36.80μg/μl, and the average amount of dextral borneol released from every female C. fuscipes was23.00±0.556μg.3. Mushroom shed trapThe trap was conducted in a mushroom house by hanging the trap, which was made of white triangle plate and armyworm plate. The results of mushroom house trap showedthat dextral borneol possessedprominent activity of trap. Theoptimaldosageof dextral borneol was300μg, and efficacy duration was about6d. |
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