Feeding And Sea Ranching Equipment Of Sea Cucumber Apostichop As Japonicus In Sungo Bay

In order to exploite the potential for aquaculture in shallow sea waters effectively and realize healthful aquaculture of sea cucumber Apostichopas japonicas, experiments including:1) Sedimentation characteristic of particulate organic matter in different aquaculture areas2) Trophic analysis of A. japonicus in Chu Island of Sango Bay3) Effects of water temperatures, diets, wet weights on the ingestion of A. japonicas4) feasibility research of a new bottom integrated culture cage to culture A. japonicas and scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were carried out in this paper. The results were as follows:1. The annual average sediment flux of total particulate matter was862.0±536.1,955.4±1217.5g/(m2.d) in macroalgae and shellfish culture areas respectively. While the re-suspension rate was82.70±9.16%,85.10±8.31%respectively without significant difference(P>0.05) between two areas. Moreover, the sediment flux of the nascent organic matter was18.15±11.29g/m2.d in Macro-algae aquaculture area with the sedimentation rate of0.403±0.267m/d. And yet it was14.99±12.47g/m2.d,0.342±0.281m/d accordingly in shellfish aquaculture area. Nascent organic matter sediment flux had significant seasonal changes which was higher in summer and autumn. The total organic matter which could be utilized was6.57±2.81kg/m2,5.71±3.63kg/m2in Macro-algae and shellfish aquaculture area separately.2. The growth rate of A. japonicas was0.121、0.204、0.091、0.083g/d respectively in April, June, August and October2013. Fifteen kinds of fatty acids, including6kinds of saturated fatty acid (SFA),4kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and5kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were detected in the body of A. japonicus. By the principal component analysis, it was known that diatom, flagellate and brown algae were the main food sources of sea cucumber at Apr.2013, while in June, chlorophyta and bacteria were main food source. Each component was low in August, which was probably related to aestivation of A japonicus. Bacteria contributed to the larger part of sea cucumber food in October.3. Ingestion rate of A japonicus was affected significantly by diet OC and body weight (P<0.01), however, the interaction of OC, WW had no significant influence on it (P>0.05). The relationship between ingestion rate(OIR)and organic content of feed (OC) could be described as OIR=a×OC/(OC+b), where a, b represented OIRmax, half-saturation constant,respectively. Moreover, the relationship between OIR and water temperature (5.1-16.1℃) could be described as OIR=c×T2+d X T+e, c=-(0.0075-0.0164), d=0.298～0.769, e=-(0.742～1.977). Water temperature (T), wet weight (WW) had a significant influence on feeding behavior of A japonicus (P<0.01). The interaction of them also had a markedly effect on OIR (P<0.01), but not for AE (P>0.05). In addition, stepwise regression got the relationship of OIR T, WW or OIR OC, WW as OIR=12.55×WW-0.361+7.92×OC/(OC+4.373)-4.70or OIR=2.2×WW-0.384+0.033×WW-0.384×T2+0.077×Trespectively..4. A new bottom integrated culture cage was designed and the cultural efficiency was estimated. The field experiment was carried out at muddy (A) and sandy (B) bottom separately. During2012.12～2013.6, the increment and growth rate of P.yessoensis were0.23g(wet weight),1.28×10-2g.ind/d, while A. japonicas were4.73g (wet weight),2.6×10-2g.ind/d. Survival rates of P. yessoensis and A.japonicus were7%and57%, respectively. Similarly, the increment and growth rate of P.yessoensis, A. japonicas were35.91g (wet weight),0.2g.ind/d,26.23g(wet weight),0.15g.ind/d accordingly, the survival rates of these two species were62%and67%respectively. The growth rate and survival rate of A. japonica and P. yessoensis were distinctly higher in Site B significantly. Bottom characteristics might be an important factor effecting the growth, survival of aquatic organisms.