| The cayenne pepper is one of popular vegetables and also raw materials of food and pharmaceutical industry in the world. China is one of major production areas with a top pepper output in the earth. However, a large number of pepper straws are produced with development of the cayenne peper planting, and have not been utilized entirely resulting in a pollution of environment and waste of resource. In the present study, we determined contents of nutrients and capsaicin in the pepper straw, and estimated its feeding effects using production performances, absorption of nutrients and intestinal micro flora in laying hens to provide a reference as an animal feed.1. Determination of nutrient contents in the pepper strawThe contents of nutrients in pepper straw (leaf, lateral branch and trunk) of Chaoyue Xinxiang and Fujiao Liuhao at different harvest times (initial, interim, and late stage) were determined in this study. The results showed that:nutrient contents of both varieties at different stages:the content of crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber, and lignin of leaf were late stage> interim> initial stage. This was the same to the content of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and lignin of lateral branch and trunk. The content of crude protein and crude ash in lateral branch and trunk were initial> interim> late stage. In the nutrient contents of both varieties in different parts were:the content of crude protein and ash were leaf> lateral branch> trunk. The content of crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber were trunk> lateral branch> leaf. There are lower content of crude protein and crude ash of whole plant of Chaoyue Xinxiang than those of Fujiao Liuhao. The content of crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber of whole plant of Chaoyue Xinxiang were slightly higher than those of Fujiao Liuhao. The contents of nutrients in the whole pepper straw of both varieties were:crude protein14.79%-16.72%, crude ash11.20%-11.48%, crude fiber28.55%-33.82%, neutral detergent fiber35.78%-43.64%, acid detergent fiber 33.81%-39.61%, similar to those in alfalfa. Take together, there are certain contents of nutrients in the pepper straw which depend on varieties harvest times and parts, and the pepper straw can be used as the source of crude feed for herbivores.2. Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents using HPLC in the pepper strawTo determine contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in pepper straw of Chaoyue Xinxiang and Fujiao Liuhao according to part and harvest time for a basis to expand use of the pepper straw. The pepper straw was separated into three parts:leaf, branch and trunk, which were dried at60℃, and then were smashed and mixed with methanol abundantly. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were determined by HPLC. The HPLC method was as follows:Agilent C18column (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) was adopted; The mobile phase was methanol-water (85:15) at the flow rate of1mL-min-1; The detection wavelength was280nm, and the column temperature was37℃. The results showed that:The standard and concentrated curves of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were significantly linear relationship; the results of repeatability tests, stability tests and the recovery rates were well. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin among different times and parts were significantly different with interaction effects, and the content in the leaf is higher than those in the branch and trunk (P<0.05). The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the pepper straw of both varieties were lower than their fruits(P<0.05), and the contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the pepper straw were about11.2%and10.7%in Chaoyue Xinxiang, and8.0%and12.0%in Fujiao Liuhao of their fruits respectively. Thus the HPLC method to determine the contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin is feasible in the present study, and there were certain contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the pepper straw, which may depend on varieties, parts and harvest time.3. Influences of feeding diet with the pepper straw on production performances, fecal ingredients and intestinal microecology in laying hensAt age of50weeks,360laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) were divided into3groups according to their production performances (laying rate, Egg/feed radio, feed intake, egg broken ratio and mortality rate) to assure there was no statistical difference among groups. The hens were given experimental diets with0,3%and5%the pepper straw, namely, control group, group1and2. Data on performances, fecal ingredients, egg quality (egg shape index, shell thickness, shell strength, egg weight, yolk color and haugh unit), variance of intestinal microecology in feces and cecum were determined during experiment. The results showed that:1) Production performances:Production performances in the whole stage were affected insignificantly by pepper straw, but egg broken ratio increased significantly in hens given diets with pepper straw. Compared to control group, economic benefits in hens of group1and2reduced. The variance of production performances with time were affected insignificantly by pepper straw.2) Fecal ingredients:The content of crude ash and fiber in feces of initial, interim, and late stage was influenced significantly by pepper straw, but the content of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were not. There was no significant effect of pepper straw on the variance of fecal ingredients with time.3) Egg quality Egg quality index were not influenced significantly by pepper straw. But there was certain impact of pepper straw on the variance of egg quality index such as shell thickness, shell strength, egg weight, yolk color with time.4) Intestinal microecology The similarity coefficients and number of bands of DGGE profiles of microflora in the feces and cecum in hens of end stage were influenced insignificantly by pepper straw. Therefore, egg broken ratio and fecal crude ash content in hens were influenced significantly by pepper straw, but there were no clear impact of pepper straw on the effect of production performances, egg quality, and nutrients absorption, intestinal microecology in cecum and feces. However, effect of given laying hens as raw material with pepper straw was unideal. |
PDF Full Text Request