Research Constraints And Crucial Technologies Of Maize High Yield And Efficiency In Hebei North Piedmont Plain

Maize is an important food crop in China; maize production plays an important role inensuring national food security. While as the arable land decrease gradually, how toimprove maize yield has very important practical significance. Currently high maizevariety breeding and cultivation techniques has make great progress, but maize productionpotential is not fully utilized in actual production, and the yield in a low level production.Summer maize cultivation with high fertilizer input, low fertilizer utilization rate and alarge number of NO3-N residues and the resulting issues of environmental risks. Therefore,How to realize balance the summer maize yield and improve fertilizer use efficiencybecome the key technical problems needed to resolve. This study in piedmont plain ofhebei province under the condition of straw returned summer maize rotation fields as testobject, by using present planting situation investigation and field experiment methods, thekey factors of limited summer maize equilibrium yield in the region, and aimed at limitingfactors, put forward the corresponding cultivation management measures. Through thenitrogen fertilizer rate test, sowing date test and cultivation patterns test, the best nitrogenfertilizer rate and cultivation patterns are researched, for summer maize high yield andefficient technology system has been established to provide technical guidance. The mainconclusions are summarized as follows:1The main yield difference limited factor between farmers with years was density,while the different between the annual major was meteorological factor. The path analysisof yield and yield components showed that the correlation coefficient of1000-grain weightand yield was the largest, density on the yield of the biggest influence directly. The key ofhigher yield was to coordinate the relation between density, grain number and grain-weight.For maize yield greatly influenced by potassium content in soil properties. Jointing stageirrigation will increase1000-grain weight about8.1%-10.2%and grain number39-46. Theinfluences of farmers’ fertilizer rates and varieties were smaller. The rainy weather in LateAugust to mid-September will affect the corn grouting significantly and decrease grainweight. 2The yield increased at first and then decreased with the increase of N applicationrates, reasonable N application rate increased grain yield significantly. With the increase ofN application rate harvest index (HI) and N harvest index (NHI) decreased. The highest HIand NHI were obtained at N application of189kg/hm2(N189) and178kg/hm2(N178).Excessive N application rate reduced N recovery efficiency (NRE) and N partial fertilizerproductivity (NPFP) respectively. Agronomic efficiency (AE) and physiological efficiency(PE) increased at first then decreased with the increase N application rate, and the highestAE and PE was appeared at N application rate about200kg/hm2. Surface soil NO3-Ncontent at mature stage and N apparent losses ratio increased with the increase of nitrogenapplication when N rates were over200kg/hm2. Comprehensive consideration to the yield,N recovery, soil nitrate-nitrogen and N apparent losses ratio, the recommendation of Napplication rate for summer maize should be controlled in less than200kg/hm2.3The highest summer maize yield was sowing in June5th, the yield of summermaize reduce with the sowing date postponed. When sowing date delayed1day, yieldreduced112.4kg/hm2, grain per ear and1000-grain weight and sowing date was alsonegatively correlated. Early sowing the extension of the vegetative growth stage for thelater reproductive growth lay a good material foundation. Early sowing could increasemaize ear length, kernels per row, grain per ear, increase the output of maize seed rate andreduce the bald tip length. Based on the limited conditions of heat and water resources ofHebei Province, summer maize sowing time should be reasonable in June15days.4There was no difference on yield with different row spacing configurations underthe same planting density. The highest yield was60-120cm row spacing configurations,the panicle traits was also superior to the other row spacing configurations.Differentdensity of summer maize had a greater influence on the accumulation of dry matter, andaffect the plant nutrient absorption of cumulants, the accumulation of nutrient uptake rateof60-120cm row spacing configuration than other row spacing of was the largest in flareopening to spinning period. There was no difference on soil NO3-N accumulation amountwith different cultivation patterns. Therefore, the cultivation mode of application of60-120cm, plant biomass accumulation of more and better ear character, and more likely toachieve high yield.