| In order to improve upper leaves quality of “Honghuadajinyuan” and find thebest air curing and picking methods. The experiment was conducted in Huili, from2011to2012. The effects of different air-curing methods and Different Harvest Wayson physiological and biochemical indexes, appearance quality, chemical components,sensory quality, main economic characters and cost of curing were studied. Theresults showed that：(1)Effect of different air-curing time on physiological and biochemical indexes duringcuring processThe change of free water and bound water in the curing process were similar tothe total moisture, as the curing process of the moisture content is reduced, at thebeginning of the curing, the loss of free water in tobacco leaf is high, and the boundwater loss amount is small, After48hours bound water loss rate began to accelerate.During the first curing process bound water was lost a little, the loss rate of free waterfaster. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content were decreased, and as the growth of theair-curing time, pigment degradation ratio increases. Increase the chlorophyll contentin curing0to24hour.From24to72h curing time chlorophyll declining rapidly, ofwhich at48-72hours.During72-96hours chlorophyll degradation is less. Carotenoidin tobacco curing0-48h chlorophyll is on the decline, the percentage rise sharply. Incuring0-12h, air-curing after each treatment than normal start curing the amylaseactivity, amylase activity in tobacco leaf curing0-60h before entering the set colorissue has been in a rising stage. Each process on PPO activity of the whole renderingfrom higher to lower elevated lower trend, increased with the increase of air-curingtime, PPO activity was greatly reduced after48h curing, curing,72hours is almostzero. Free proline under the condition of air-curing increased a little, accumulation offree proline increase during the process of curing.(2)Influence of different air-curing time on upper leaves qualityOverall air curing time under the different processing has good appearancequality, total score75points in all. From color, the proportion of different air curingtobacco for orange is accounted for the vast majority of collected samples, more than90%. Air curing after curing method basically eliminated the modulated with greenleaf tobacco, but as the air curing the extension of time, the contents of tobacco leavesdecreased, curing process for color and prone to noise. With48h handle air curingtobacco maturity, leaf structure is loose, chromaticity, oil content, overall appearancequality is best. As the growth of the air curing time blade thickness increased. Overalltrend performance for48h air curing tobacco leaves thickness is relativelyappropriate, air curing time is too long blade thick air curing after each treatment than normal filling it up. Leaf weight of air curing growth tends to increase with time. Eachhandle balance moisture content in tobacco leaf stem rate in difference. Chemicalcomponents changes of cured tobacco leaf presents a certain regularity, content oftotal sugar, reducing sugar and starch as air curing time has a tendency to decrease. Asair curing nicotine content increased with the extension of time., of which48h aircuring minimum processing starch content, high potassium content, potassiumchloride ratio greater than4, tobacco leaf chemical components are coordinated.Maillard reaction products in general with48h handle air curing highest,phenylalanine class aroma substance content in air curing72h to deal with the highestlevels, aroma substance, carotenoids, aroma and newly planted content in air curing48h to deal with the highest levels, content of neutral aroma substances in48hhandle air curing tobacco leaves is the highest, quality the best. Sweet temperamentand aroma scoring48h in air curing treatment is best, air curing time after more than24h with the increase of air curing time aftertaste, when air curing for more than48hafter mixed gas, the tobacco leaf dry place in a short period of time (less than48h)stimulating the same as the conventional roasting, air curing72h irritancy reducedtobacco leaves. At48h air curing processing, smoking quality is best. Secondarysmoke ratio, average price and output in48h air curing the highest processing, overallanalysis air curing treatment no significant change in24hours,72hours air curingtreatment could significantly reduce economic value, after48hours air curingtreatment and economic characters is the highest value. After air curing various curingprocessing are declining,48h and72h air curing deal with normal mining showsignificant differences,48h processing cost reduce, the biggest air curing air curing24h treatment also reduced slightly, while air curing72h process significantlyincreased in curing cost. The overall analysis to air curing cost lowest in48h.(3) The effect of different picking methods on physiological and biochemical indexesIn the curing process total water, free water and bound water trends are adownward trend. Present in tobacco leaf curing early water loss less, slow water loss,metaphase filtration, filtration speed, less late water loss, water loss righteousnessslow change rule of "S" type. In curing process is less than the free water and boundwater.Changes of bound water is smaller. In yellow during both the differences of thechange of the total water content is mainly caused by blade free water content change,among them with stem leaf tobacco free in48-72hours the rapid increase of watercontent.0to24hours water loss increased with stem recovery rate of water lossminimum, curing48-72hours, water loss rate of pedicle harvested the most. In curingprocess is less than the free water and bound water content. The change of boundwater content is small. Each process in the curing0to24h is higher than freshtobacco leaf chlorophyll content. When curing24-48h normal pick by curing andone-time curing processing sharp decline in chlorophyll content, one-time pick bycuring processing fell more than normal to bake, pedicle in curing process there arestill short.48-72h curing gradually settled into the color of the chlorophyll content isgreatly reduced. Various treatments are arytenoids’ content change trend is basicallythe same as the curing process showed a trend of decrease. Normal in curing0to24hours roast processing largest decline,24to48hours with stem roast processing largest decline. Overall analysis of pedicle baked carrots harvested grain degradationis more. Each processing curing process of carotenoid and chlorophyll ratio on thewhole the same change trend, are falling again rising trend. Bake60h (into the colorphase) with stem in curing process before falling to rising rule. The amylase activityof without stalk is higher than with stem leaf, leaf tobacco stem is on the decline.Yellowing period is a tobacco leaf dry matter within the critical period oftransformation, with stem in curing process of amylase activity before entering the setcolor phase have been place under the rising trend, and overall higher than otherprocessing. PPO activity trends are basically the same, is increased to reduce againrise again. PPO activity of the size of pedicle in curing process is higher., along withthe propulsion of the curing process of free proline content showed a trend of increase,until the end of the96h after each processing proline content were decreased, theproline content difference after curing. In the whole curing process, the pedicle incuring process of free proline content is lower than other tobacco processing. Each inthe curing process of tobacco leaf starch and soluble total sugar and reducing sugarcontent of reciprocal relationship, each processing starch content as the curing processon a downward trend, volume each in the curing process of reducing sugar and totalsugar content is consistent, the change rule of pedicle in curing process soluble totalsugar and reducing sugar content of tobacco leaf before96h high other processing asa whole. Air buy48h treatment of potassium content of tobacco leaf to slightly higherthan other tobacco leaf, the chlorine content is highest. Normal pick by curing andone-time curing process is approximately the same change trend with stem just pickless total nitrogen after pedicle is low. With stem roasted tobacco nicotine contentincreased, one-time in flue cured tobacco nicotine content changed little increasesslightly. Each processing than the nitrate content in fresh when smoke increases,increase roast processing as a pedicle is minimal. With stem pick by curing thanwithout a stalk nitrite content high, B3highest growth of72.5%(4)Effect of different picking methods on upper leaves qualityFlue-curing of upper leaves with stalk can effectively improve the appearance,than without stalk, loose leaf structure, oil content, color are better than without stalkharvest curing. Thickness, leaf weight are characterized by pedicle minimumharvested, with stems harvested tobacco filling it to slightly higher than without astalk harvesting, equilibrium moisture content in1-3leaf position is higher than4to6leaf position Picking methods for upper leaf total sugar, reducing sugar, starch,potassium and chloride, with stem recovery processing reducing sugar contentreduced, leaf potassium content is higher, with pedicle is coordinated, harvestedtobacco chemical composition content of neutral aroma substances in pedicle thehighest recovery processing tobacco, smoking total scores as the pedicle harvest,smoking quality is best. On secondary smoke ratio, average price and output for thepedicle highest harvested, high and middle class leaf was92.81%, the output value of7310.46yuan/hm2, Economic characters of stem harvest is the highest value. |
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