| Tomato is one of the main fruit vegetables cultivating in greenhouse of ourcountry. It has important significance to study the regular pattern of water andfertilizer for cultivating tomato. The study divided in three growth stage aboutwinter-spring rotation during whole growth stages of tomato, which are earlyflowering stage, flowering stage and fruiting stages. Each stage designed threeirrigation limit treatments, which were low water irrigation(LW), middle waterirrigation(MW) and high irrigation(HW). Study the effects of different irrigationlimits on growth index, production index and fruit quality index of tomato, andmeasuring water consumption each week, and the soil nutrient content at each stage indifferent soil layer and partial fertilizer productivity of tomato in different irrigationlimits. Ascertaining the best fertigation solutions under the drip irrigation condition oftomato, and providing reference for tomato fertilizer and water management. Theresults as following.There were no significant difference on the plant height and leaf area of tomatoduring seedling stage and flowering and fruit bearing stage. With the increase ofirrigation limit, the plant height and leaf area of tomato increased as well duringfruitting stage. Different irrigation limits of tomato had little effect on stem diameterduring the whole stages. With the increase of irrigation limits, different irrigationtreatment had significant difference on the overground part fresh matter, differentirrigation treatment had significant difference on the overground part fresh matter, ithad no significant difference between lower water irrigation limit and middle waterirrigation limit about the dry matter in overground part and fresh matter inunderground part. It had significant difference between middle water irrigation limitand high water irrigation limit about the dry matter in overground part and freshmatter in underground part. It had no significant difference between lower waterirrigation limit and middle water irrigation limit about the dry matter and fresh matterin underground part, and they were significantly lower than high water irrigation limit. High water irrigation limit had made most dry and fresh matter, and the low waterirrigation limit had made the least dry and fresh matter.On fruit quality index of tomato, it had significant difference about vitamin Camong all treatments, the best treatment of vitamin C was low irrigation limit, and theleast one was high irrigation limit. It had no significant difference between middlewater irrigation limit and high water irrigation limit about soluble sugar, and theywere significantly higher than lower water irrigation limit. It had no significantdifference between lower water irrigation limit and middle water irrigation limit aboutorganic acid, they were significantly lower than high water irrigation limit. The fruitnumber of tomato in different flower ordinal number had no significant difference ondifferent irrigation limits treatment, and averange single fruit weight from the third tofifth flower ordinal number had significant difference on different irrigation limitstreatment. The low water irrigation limit was maximum and hight water irirgationlimit was minimum on averange single fruit weight from the third to fifth flowerordinal number.The effect of water production efficiency and yield index on different irrigationlimits as following. The tomato did not have to irrigate after planing until blossomand fruiting stages, and the amount of total water in transplanting was45m3/667m2.With the increase of irrigation limit the average yield per667m2gradually reduced.Low water irrigation limit treatment significantly higher than middle and high waterirrigation limits treatment on average yield per667m2, and the yield of low waterirrigation limit was4960.9kg/667m2, and the least yield was high irrigationlimit,which was merely4374.9kg/667m2. With the increase of irrigation limit, theamount irrigation increased and water production efficiency reduced gradually duringthe whole stage of tomato, and middle and high irrigation limit had no significantdifference about the amount irrigation and water production efficiency, but they hadsignificantly difference than low water irrigation limit. The total irrigation amount oflow irrigation limit, middle irrigation limit and high irrigation limit during the wholestages respectively were177.35m3/667m2,200.62m3/667m2and206.47m3/667m2.The highest water production efficiency was lower irrigation limit, which was27.97kg/m3, and the second one was middle irrigation limit, which was21.96kg/m3,and the last one was high irrigation limit, which was only21.19kg/m3.The effect of tomato daily water consumption intensity on different irrigationlimits as following. With the increase of irrigation limits, the different irrigation treatments of daily water consumption increased. The maximum daily waterconsumption intensity of low irrigation, middle irrigation and high irrigation appearedrespectively in8th,8th and9th weeks after planing, and the numerical valuerespectively were538ml/day·plant,597ml/day·plant and841ml/day·plant.In seedling stage of tomato, under low irrigation limit conditions, nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were absorbed by the plant mainly in0~20cm topsoil. Theproportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by tomato were1:0.4:0.8,and the different limits irrigation were similar to nutrient absorption layer andproportion. In flowering and fruit bearing stage, the nitrogen and potassium wereabsorbed by different irrigation limit of plant mainly in0~20cm topsoil, andphosphorus were uptaken mainly in0~40cm soil layer. Under high irrigation limitconditions, plan also had certain capacity to absorb nitrogen and potassium in20~40cm soil layer. Under different irrigation limit, tomato absorbed nutrient mainly inphosphorus and potassium, and absorbed less nitrogen than phosphorus andpotassium.During fruit stage, under different irrigation limit conditions, the nitrogen wereabsorbed by plant mainly in0~40cm soil layer. The phosphorus were absorbed byplant mainly in0~40cm soil layer under low and middle irirgation limits, and thephosphorus were absorbed by plant mainly in0~20cm topsoil. Under high irirgationlimits, with the increase of irrigaion limit, the potassium absorption capacity graduallyreduced in0~20cm topsoil, and potassium accumulation gradually increased in20~40cm soil layer, and potassium accumulation gradually reduced in20~40cm soil layer.The partial fertilizer productivity of low irrigation limit,middle irrigation limit andhigh irrigation limit respectively were53.21kg/kg,47.76kg/kg,39.76kg/kg. |
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