Collected And Evaluated Of Cherry Germplasm Resources In Subtropical Regions

Cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Cerasus. The fruit of cherry is gorgeous, tasted delicious,which contains rich nutrition. With good economic value, cherry is a good kind of small characteristic fruit. Only4species are used as fruit tree cultivation, such as sweet cherry(Cerasus avium Lindl.), sour cherry(Cerasus vulgaris Mill.), Chinese cherry (Creasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) and MAO cherry (Cerasus tomentosa Thunb.). Although sweet cherry was introduced into China which had100years of cultivation history, but the basic research related to breeding work is still very weak, especially such as the germplasm collection and evaluation work, which was disadvantageous in the future development of this fruit dndustry. There are a wealth of cherry germplasm resources in subtropical areas, which were valuable gene pools of resistance breeding and functional constituents and were the base for genetic improvement. The research on the investigation and breeding of Chinese cherry and other Creasus germplasm resources was relatively rare in south subtropical area. To give full play to the advantage of cherry germplasm resources in subtropical region, cherry germplasm resources were collected from subtropical region. This study established the germplasm nursery, and made a system evaluation of the collected resources by ISSR molecular marker technology and biological characteristics identification technology. We also did the waterlogging resistance test using some cherry resources which grew well. Taken together, this study obtained the following results:(1)57Creasus germplasm resources have been collected and cultivated in the germplasm resource nursery. The resources are classified into9species,2variants and o1hybrid. Ten germplasm resources are absolutely wild resources.(2) Fourty nine Creasus germplasm resources were used for studing the gentic diversity with ISSR molecular marker analysising. Three hundred and twenty-two bands were amplified with16polymorphic primers screened from100random primers.291polymorphic bands were geted and the polymorphic rate was90.37%.At the genetic coefficient of0.681,49gerplasm resources can be classified to five categories.’MaHaLi’and sweet cherry are respectively sorted to one category;’ZheMinYing’ classed with’ShanYinHua’,’BenXiShanYing’,’YingChunYing’,’YingZhenWang’and’YingHua’ are sorted to one category; China cherry,’KuYingTao’,’Colt’ and’HuaZhongYing’ become to one class. All the Chinese cherries get into a class at the genetic coefficient of0.816. This reflects the reliability of ISSR molecular markers to a certain extent.’Colt’ is the hybrid triploid of Chinese cherry and sweet cherry. Because its two-thirds of chromosomes derived from Chinese cherry, so it was sorted with Chinese cherry.’MaHaLi’and sweet cherry come from Europe, which far from other plants of the genus Cerasus. The distance of’BenXiShanYing’ and’YingChunYing’is very close, which is different with the traditional taxonomy. Both of ’YingZhenWang’ and’YingHua’ comes from Japan and the genetic relationship of them is close.’HuaZhongYing’ and’KuYingTao’are both subordinate serration plants of Cerasus, which has a small distance. Anyhow, the ISSR analysis could reflect the genetic similarity and diversity among different resources to a certain extent, which still had some difference with the traditional taxonomy.(3) This experiment compared the difference of biological characteristics such as biomass, flowering phenology phenologe period, fruit quality, grafting and cutting between the cherry resources. The materials for experiment are getted form the garden of cherry germplasm resources. The results showed that the biomass of’KuYingTao’,’ZaoBaoYiHao’,’ZhuShaHong’are huge which have long major branch and bie number of secondary branches. All the Chinese resources have similar phonological phace that flower bud stirring in early February, flowering in mid to late March, fruit ripening at the end of April and early May. The’KuYingTao’has the earliest phonological phase which blooming at December in the winter and failuring to observe the fruit mature period.’ZheMinYing’ and’HuaZhongYing’ were blooming at April and fruiting in early June. The fruit weight of’FoTangErHao’and ’ZhushaHong’ resources both reached3g, and the soluble solids of them were respectively15.10and12.66Brix. The grafts of’GeJiaWu’,’JiangDongErHao’and’YanTaiDaQingYe’ have high survival rate (≥47%) and big biomass (≥109cm) that they are good resources. In sandy matrix, the three resources of ’ZhuJiDuanBing’,’BenXiShanYing’ and ’LaiYangAiYing’ had high cutting survical rate which were58%,28%and58%respectively.(4) We used seven cherry resources as experiment materials which grew well. This experiment compared the difference of water content, relative electric conductivity, photosynthetic characteristics, MDA and proline under waterlogged stress for studying the waterlogging resistance of seven germplasm resources.Results show that the water content and electric conductivity increased with stress prolonged. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of seven germplasm resources were on the decline with the longer processing time. The MDA content and Pro content were on the rise as a whole. The order of seven cherry resource on waterlogging resistance from strong to weak is:’ZheMinYing’>’JiangDongErHao’>’ZhuShaHong’>’YanTaiYiHao’>’JianHongErHao’>’GeJiaWu’>’YingZhenWang’.