Effects Of Interaction Between Farming Methods And Nitrogen Application On Wheat Yield And Physiological Characteristics

The main objective of this paper was to study the effects of interaction betweenfarming methods and nitrogen application on physiological characteristics, yield andquality of winter wheat. The experiment was conducted at the test site of Guoyangagricultural technology promotion center in2011-2012, and the winter wheat varietyWanmai68was selected as the material. Main result as follows:1、Efects of farming methods and nitrogen application on population qualityPopulation quality was extremely significance with farming methods and the optimalfarming method was ploughing+crackdown+drilling, rotary tillage+crackdown+drilling thesecond. At rotary tillage+sowing, spike rate, LAI, dry matter accumulation andcontribution of post-anthesis accumulation to grain significantly decreased. Ratio4:6wasbetter than5:5and6:4, population size was enlarged by ratio4:6, what’s more, spike rate,LAI, dry matter accumulation and contribution of post-anthesis accumulation to grainsignificant increased. The interaction effect of farming metnods and basal-topdressingnitrogen ratio on wheat population quality was extremely significant. Ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6combination treatment was the most conducive tooptimize the population quality, spike rate was51.47%, the maximum leaf area index was7.28, the post-anthesis accumulation and contribution of post-anthesis accumulation tograin were5307.57kg·hm-2and53.29%. Ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio5:5and rotary tillage+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6combination treaments were alsobetter.2、Efects of farming methods and nitrogen application on senescence of flag leafCompared with rotary tillage+sowing, rotary tillage+drilling and rotary tillage+crack-down+drilling, SPAD value, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity in leaves inploughing+crackdown+drilling were significantly higher, its MDA content was lower, thespeed of flag leaf aging was slower. Compared with ratio5:5and6:4, SPAD value, SODactivity, POD activity and CAT activity in leaves in ratio4:6were significantly higher, theMDA content significantly decreased, the speed of flag leaf aging was slower.3、Efects of farming methods and nitrogen application on yield and its componentsCompared with rotary tillage+sowing, rotary tillage+drilling and rotary tillage+crack-down+drilling, spike number,1000-kernel weight and grain yield in ploughing+crackdown+drilling were significantly higher, kernels per spike was only32.35. Compared with ratio5:5and6:4, spike number in ratio4:6was higher,1000-kernel weight and grain yiled were significantly higher. Kernels per spike in ratio4:6was second only to ratio6:4. Theperformance of yield components to production contribution was spike number＞1000-kernel weight＞kernels per spike. The interaction effect of farming metnods andbasal/topdressing nitrogen ratio on wheat yield and its components was extremelysignificant. Taken together, ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6combinationtreatment was the most ideal, spike number,1000-kernel weight and grain yield were thehighest, respectively716.66×104hm-2,46.52,9424.66kg·hm-2. Ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio5:5was better, spike number,1000-kernel weight and grain yield weresecond. Rotary tillage+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6worthy of promotion，spikenumber and1000-kernel weight were higher, grain yield reach8896.33kg·hm-2.4、Efects of farming methods and nitrogen application on qualityWhen the basal-topdressing nitrogen ratio was same, protein content, permit heavy,starch content, wet gluten content, flour rate, sedimentation volume and hardness inploughing+crackdown+drilling were significantly higher than that of other treatments, thequality characters in rotary tillage+sowing was the worst. Compared with ratio6:4, proteincontent, permit heavy, wet gluten content and sedimentation volume in ratio4:6and5:5were significantly higher. Taken together, ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6combination treatment was the most ideal, protein content, permit heavy, starch content,wet gluten content and hardness were highest, respectively reached14.17%,791.17g·L-1,64.97%,32.47%and48.97, flour rate and sedimentation volume were higher. Ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio5:5, ploughing+crackdown+drilling with ratio6:4and rotarytillage+crackdown+drilling with ratio4:6were also worthy of promotion.