Studies On Cultivate Status Of Early-fruiting Walnut And Cultivate Technology Of Walnut’s High-yield In Taihang Mountain Area In Hebei Province

In order to know clearly the current situation of early-walnut’s cultivation andpropose the suitable high-yielding and high quality cultivation technology of walnut inTaihang Mountain in HeBei province, walnut orchards that were Mabu village inShexian county, Zhishouyuan forest and animal husbandry Co., Ltd. in Wu’an, JingpinFruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an, Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahecity, the demonstration garden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co.,Ltd.,Huluyv ecological agricultural Development Company in Pingshan, Huaihe villagein Laishui county, Guogezhuang village in Laishui county, Beiceying village inMancheng county were used as objects, main characteristics of the walnut trees andcultivation technologies were investigated, The high-yielding cultivation technologywas summarized based on these studies The results were following:1. The walnut yield per667m2in Mabu village in Shexian county, Zhishouyuanforest and animal husbandry Co., Ltd.in Wu’an, J Jingpin Fruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an,Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city, the demonstrationgarden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd., Huaihe village inLaishui county were41.2kg、159.6kg、44.9kg、161.7kg、176.9kg、63.7kg、103.6kgrespectively，and the yield in demonstration garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd. wasthe highest; the pest fruit rates of them were8.82%、3.56%、1.2%、11.09%、13.78%、3.29%、、4.42%respectively, and that in the demonstration garden of HeBei Lvling fruitCo., Ltd. was the highest.2. In Taihang Mountain area in HeBei province, the planting density of earlywalnut was3m~4m×4m~5m, the majority was3m×5m. The proportions of themain cultivars and the pollination cultivars in Huaihe village in Laishui county,Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city, the demonstrationgarden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd., Beiceying villagein Mancheng county, Jingpin Fruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an, Huluyv ecological agriculturalDevelopment Company in Pingshan respectively were10、8、8、8、9、8、10, and therewere no pollination trees in Mabu village in Shexian county, Zhishouyuan forest andanimal husbandry Co., Ltd.in Wu’an, Guogezhuang village in Laishui county.3. In Beiceying village in Mancheng county, Huaihe village in Laishui county,Huluyv ecological agricultural Development Company in Pingshan, the demonstrationgarden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd., Kangyuanecological forestry development company in Shahe city, Zhishouyuan forest and animalhusbandry Co., Ltd.in Wu’an. Jingpin Fruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an, Mabu village inShexian county, soil organic matter contents were16.054g/kg,16.615g/kg6.834g/kg4.046g/kg,8.116g/kg,10.121g/kg,14.533g/kg,5.395g/kg,13.472g/kg respectively;total nitrogen contents were0.424g/kg,0.483g/kg0.155g/kg0.096g/kg,0.121g/kg0.271g/kg,0.128g/kg,0.183g/kg,0.254g/kg respectively; soil nitrogencontents were0.080g/kg,0.087g/kg,0.046g/kg,0.060g/kg,0.027g/kg,0.069g/kg,0.040g/kg,0.042g/kg,0.068g/kg respectively; the total phosphorus contents were 0.424g/kg.,0.483g/kg0.155g/kg,0.096g/kg,0.121g/kg,0.271g/kg,0.128g/kg,0.183g/kg,0.254g/kg respectively; the available phosphorus contents were0.102g/kg.,0.115g/kg0.010g/kg,0.021g/kg,0.012g/kg,0.017g/kg,0.013g/kg,0.021g/kg,0.017g/kg respectively; the total potassium contents were10.301g/kg.,14.193g/kg8.283g/kg,9.093g/kg,10.980g/kg,12.573g/kg,11.863g/kg,14.069g/kg,13.792g/kgrespectively; soil available K contents were0.861g/kg,0.091g/kg,0.052g/kg,0.214g/kg，0.082g/kg，0.187g/kg，0.115g/kg，0.105g/kg，0.152g/kg respectively; soilpH values were7.367,7.333,7.400,7.233,7.167,7.067,7.367,7.800,7.333respectively. Most of the pH values were from7.2to7.4; organic matter contents werefrom4.0g/kg~16.6g/kg; the highest total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium,available nitrogen, available phosphorus contents were in Huaihe village in Laishuicounty, the highest available K contents was in Beiceying village in Mancheng county.4The numbers of annual watering in the J Jingpin Fruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an, thedemonstration garden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd.,Huluyv ecological agricultural Development Company in Pingshan, Kangyuanecological forestry development company in Shahe city, Huaihe village in Laishuicounty, Guogezhuang village in Laishui county, Beiceying village in Mancheng county,Zhishouyuan forest and animal husbandry Co., Ltd.in Wu’an and Mabu village inShexian county were6,4,4,4,3,3,3,2,1and0；In the four wulnut orchards that werethe demonstration garden and the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd.,Huluyv ecological agricultural Development Company in Pingshan and Kangyuanecological forestry development company in Shahe city, Amino acid foliar fertilizer wassprayed every15to20days from the leaf expansion period to the end of July.5. In the past five years, the early-fruiting walnut tree form in Taihang Mountainarea of Hebei province was single-layer high-position open-center system and the stemheight was60~80cm, the average large branches in full fruit period in the Mabu villagein Shexian county，Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city，Huaihe village in Laishui county and the Zhishouyuan forest and animal husbandry Co.,Ltd.in Wu’an were9.7,15.3,18,11,13.6, the ages of the large branches were4a,4a,9.7a,5a,3a, and the crown width in full fruit period was4.5m~5.4m×4.4m~5.6m.6In walnut orchards of full fruit period in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebeiprovince, thinning male flowers (Thinning95%of the male inflorescence) managementmethod was conducted in the Zhishouyuan forest and animal husbandry Co., Ltd.inWu’an, the Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city, thedemonstration garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd. and the Huaihe village in Laishuicounty; the artificial pollination management measure was taken in the Kangyuanecological forestry development company in Shahe city and the demonstration gardenof HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd.; spraying borax and urea solution management measurewas taken in the Kangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city andthe demonstration garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd..7The main cultivated walnut varieties in Hebei Taihang Mountain Area include’Lvling’,’Xiangling’ and Liaoning series; the ages of walnut in the Huaihe village inLaishui county, the Zhishouyuan forest and animal husbandry Co., Ltd.in Wu’an, theKangyuan ecological forestry development company in Shahe city, the Mabu Village in Shexian county, the demonstration garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd., the Beiceyingvillage in Mancheng county, the high-yielding garden of HeBei Lvling fruit Co., Ltd.,the Jingpin Fruit Co., Ltd., in Wu’an, t Huluyv ecological agricultural DevelopmentCompany in Pingshan and the Guogezhuang village in Laishui county were17a,11a,11a,10a,6a,4a,3a,3a,2a,1a; ground diameters were18.2cm,13.4cm,15.7cm,13.7cm,12.6cm,7.3cm,7.3cm,7.6cm,5.3cm,2.5cm.8The main diseases of walnut in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei includedGloeosporium fructigenum Berk and Cytospora juglandis (DC) Sacc; the main pestincludes Cnidocampa flavescens (Walker), Zeuzera sp, Panonychus citri (McGregor),Tnosea sinensis (Walker), Hyphantria cunea Drury and Maladera orientalisMotschulsky; the main control measures included hanging blacklight, sprayed limesulfur and other protective agents and pyrethroid insecticides.