| In order to analyze the characteristics of nitrogen metabolism andaccumulation, translocation, utilization and choose the suitable winter wheat cultivarswith N level according to the soil texture, winter wheat cultivars with different N rateswere planted on three soil textures. Three winter wheat cultivars （AK58, ZM22,ZM366）and five nitrogen rates N(0kg·hm-2,120kg·hm-2,225kg·hm-2,330kg·hm-2,435kg·hm-2) were carried out in sand, loam and clay at the Huaxian city, Henanprovince in2010and2012.The main results were showed as follows:1. The effects of nitrogen treatment on leaf GS activity, free amino acids andtotal nitrogen content of three cultivars of wheat graphed as inverted"V"-shapes with different peak. Leaf GS activity peak in sand was obviously earlierthan loam and clay. Before anthesis, GS activity in sandy loam soil was higher thanthe others. At the same period, the GS activity of leaf of AK58in sandy loam soilunder the condition of N3was the greatest; N1was the biggest in loam soil; Under thecondition of N2in clay was the largest. Compared with different varieties under thesame soil texture on the same level of nitrogen （N1）, ZM366in clay and sandy loamsoils was higher, GS activity of AK58was the biggest in loam. Three kinds of soiltextures, amino acid content in sandy loam soil changed drastically. Before May12,the amino acid content was significantly higher than loam and clay. Total nitrogencontent showed clay> loam> sand. Amino acids, total nitrogen content of AK58were the most in sandy loam soil under the condition of N3; Total nitrogen content ofleaf was the largest in loam and clay under the condition of N2, respectively increasedby0.91%,0.96%. Amino acid content was the largest under the condition of N1inloam, N2in clay. Compared with different varieties under the condition of N2, at thejointing stage, amino acid content of ZM366was the highest in sand during othergrowing period; Amino acids of AK58was the most under the condition of loam,AK58was significantly different with the other two varieties at anthesis and10daysafter anthesis. 2. Total N uptake and leaf nitrogen accumulation at anthesis performedclay> sand> loam, in addition to ZM22was not significantly different with theothers. They were far less than the other two species of soil textures in Sand. Atmaturity, grain nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratio were significantlyhigher than that of vegetative organs. Among them, the total N uptake, nitrogenaccumulation amount of leaf, stem and spike and nitrogen distributionproportion of leaf were the highest in clay, loam was higher, sand was thelowest.Grain nitrogen accumulation was loam> clay> sand.Under the conditionof loam and sand, with the increase of N application, total N uptake and leaf and stemof accumulated nitrogen showed a trend of increasing, the biggest growth was N1treatment; Under the clay condition with low nitrogen （N1and N2）levels total Nuptake and accumulated nitrogen of leaf and stem showed a trend of increasing, highnitrogen （N3and N4interchange） conditions showed a trend of decline. The amountsof accumulated nitrogen among different wheat varieties were compared, the resultwas ZM22> AK58> ZM366in sand; ZM22> ZM366> AK58under the conditionof loam and clay.3. NAA in vegetative organs at anthesis, translocation amount fromabsorbed N before anthesis to grain, transloaction rate and contribution oftranslocated N to grain N were higher in loam, NAA in vegetative organs atmaturity and absorption amount after anthesis were higher in clay, Contributionof postantheis N absorption amount to grain N was higher in sand.Under thecondition of sand, with the increase of N application, contribution of translocated N tograin N and contribution of translocated N to grain N showed a trend of increasing,the N4treatment was the biggest. Under the condition of loam of the N1treatmentand N3treatment in clay, translocation amount from absorbed N before anthesis tograin, transloaction rate and contribution of translocated N to grain N were themost.Under the condition of the same soil texture, in sand, NAA in vegetative organs,translocation amount from absorbed N before anthesis to grain, transloaction rate andcontribution of translocated N to grain N of ZM22were the most, absorption amountafter anthesis and contribution of post antheis N absorption amount to grain N ofZM366were the most.In loam, NAA in vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity ofZM22were the most, translocation amount from absorbed N before anthesis to grain,transloaction rate and contribution of translocated N to grain N of ZM366were themost, absorption amount after anthesis and contribution of post antheis N absorptionamount to grain N of AK58were the most. NAA in vegetative organs, translocationamount from absorbed N before anthesis to grain, transloaction rate and contributionof translocated N to grain N of ZM22were the most, absorption amount after anthesis and contribution of post antheis N absorption amount to grain N of AK58were themost.4.Yield, Grain protein content and Nitrogen use efficiency showed clay>loam> sand. Among them, the N1treatment was the most. In sand, in addition to thenitrogen harvest index of ZM22at the level of N2was the most, the others were themost at the level of N1. In loam, the increase of yield was higher at the level of N1,the increase of protein content was higher at the level of N2.The nitrogen harvest index was higher with low nitrogen （N0and N1） levels,was the lowest at the level of N2. However, it increased with low nitrogen （N0andN1） levels. In clay, with the increase of N application rate, wheat yield, grain proteincontent and nitrogen use efficiency in the quarter, there was no significant changetrend. Grain protein content of the N2was the most. Among them, the yield ofZM366and ZM22in sand were significantly greater than AK58; the yield of AK58was significantly higher than the other two varieties in loam, it up to7710kg perhectare; ZM22was significantly higher than AK58and ZM366in clay. The nitrogenharvest index of ZM366was significantly higher than the other two varieties in sandand clay, ZM22was the highest in loam. |
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