Studies On The Main Secondary Metabolites And Its Relationship To Leaf Quality In Flue-cured Tobacco Of Yanbian

This study was conducted in the2011-2012year in Jilin province Yanbian KoreanAutonomous Prefecture, Longjing and Wangqing Dragon3ecological point, a preliminary studyof the Yanbian tobacco four alkaloids compounds, each part of the growth process of tobaccoflue-cured tobacco in four kinds of polyphenolic compounds and three kinds of plastid pigmentcompound7metabolites analyzed changes in active rules and related enzymes in different growthstages of formation. And stepwise regression analysis on the variation of the secondarymetabolites and enzymes by using correlation analysis method, material differences between thedifferent types of secondary metabolism in the site, between regions, as well as the relationshipbetween them and aroma quality formation were studied. The results are as follows:1Alkaloids and related enzyme dynamic changesChange trend of total alkaloid and nicotine in tobacco leaves is similar, have high growth inthe leaf age35days, reached the maximum at the age of45days of growth, accumulation alsoreached the highest in the mature period, stable content. Varietal differences in test point is alsoobvious, difference in nicotine and nicotine in total varieties are similar in content, Wangqing,Jiyan No.10and No.9, smoke was higher than9407, while in the dragon, not content differencebetween the three groups, but are Jiyan No.10> Jiyan No.9>9407,. The content of nicotine hasan advantage in the proportion of total alkaloid. In the growing period of size and content of thevarious differences in tobacco growth regularity.Activity of Tryptophan Decarboxylase showed unimodal curve in a smaller increase in earlygrowth stage, leaf age35days was the highest, and reached the peak, followed by a sharp fall, fellto the lowest level in the leaf age55days, and maintained at a relatively low activity. Alkaloidsand Tryptophan Decarboxylase overall positively correlated, at age25days, enzyme activity andnicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine, total nicotine has significant positive correlation,nornicotine is extremely remarkable positive correlation. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase andalkaloid each matter were positively correlated in each period. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase andpositively related to the level of alkaloid compounds showed a high correlation, as follows: thenicotine, total alkaloid, anatabine> anabasine> nornicotine.The alkaloid, total sugar and starch, sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine werepositively correlated, which anatabine and total sugar content was significant positive correlation;and negatively correlated with total nitrogen, total amino acid, alkaloid and total nitrogen wasnegatively correlated, negatively correlated anatabine and total nitrogen, other componentssignificant negative correlation. 2Polyphenols and related enzyme dynamic changesThe total polyphenolic compounds in tobacco leaves was higher in the growth period ofgrowth, to a certain extent Wang in the long-term accumulation, but the accumulation is very low,in the larger after topping tobacco polyphenol growth in total, and the accumulation and growthrate was the highest in the leaf age45days, then the total variation is relatively stable, decrease infertility the end of. The overall trend of total polyphenol was rising, in the age of45,55days toreach the most value, accumulated in the late growth of maximum value of polyphenol content.The change trend of chlorogenic acid content showed a single-peak curve in the growth stage, thecontent in the squaring stage is low, then reached the peak value at maturity. Rutin content in thehighest increase in leaf age45days, changes are different in the different pilot, a downward trendin some areas of growth later period. Content of scopoletin increased significantly after the age of35days,45days in the leaf reached the maximum in the mature stage, there will be decreased, butthe content tends to be steady.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity trend is "V" type, high content in early and late growthstage, due to adapt to the external environment is weak, lateral metabolites began to produce sohigh enzyme activity, the medium-term growth substance content tends to stabilize the enzymeactivity was reduced, the late secondary metabolite accumulation, enzyme activity and againelevated. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased with leaf age, leaf age55days in maximum, alsomarked differences exist in the same species in different areas, but in a proper range. Totalpolyphenols and polyphenol were all positively correlated with polyphenol oxidase andperoxidase.Polyphenol content and component correlation with other chemical components are moreconsistent, and starch, total sugar, sugar to nicotine, the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine werepositively correlated, negatively correlated with total nitrogen, total amino acid. Correlation ofpolyphenols and starch, nitrogen alkali ratio between low; high content and total sugar; Lv Yuanacid and rutin content and sugar-nicotine ratio were positively correlated, scopoletin andsugar-nicotine ratio were positively correlated; Lv Yuan acid, rutin, scopoletin and total nitrogenwere significantly negatively correlated; negative correlation of Lv Yuan acid and the total aminoacid, was negatively correlated with rutin and scopoletin and total amino acid.3The dynamic change of plastid pigment and related enzymeChlorophyll content along with the advance of growth stage were decreased, the content ishigh, dropped significantly, in tobacco mature period was the highest. Chlorophyll a in totalchlorophyll content in a high proportion, chlorophyll b in the topping stages showed increasingamplitude. The carotenoid content in the changes of the entire growth period is in the prosperouslong-term decrease.Lipoxygenase showed unimodal curve in the whole growing season trends in35days, leafchlorophyll content and lipoxygenase activity reached significant positive correlation; at age15days,35days,55days,25days in the age of carotenoids and lipoxygenase activity reached apositive significant correlation; lutein and lipoxygenase activity in leaf age55days when there is asignificant negative correlation.4Analysis on the characteristics of content in flue-cured tobacco in alkaloids, polyphenolsand plastid pigmentThe content of chlorogenic acid, there are significant differences and rutin content and thepilot and the other two pilot, and pilot of chlorogenic acid, rutin content was highest for 72.46mg/g and8.93mg/g, Longjing pilot secondly; the difference between scopoletin three pilotlittle; Wangqing for the overall performance and> Longjing>. And the pilot and the pilot, therewas significant difference in the content of lutein, three pilot carotenoid content had no significantdifference, the content of chlorophyll for the overall performance of Wangqing> Longjing> and.Chlorophyll relative to the carotenoid degradation more completely.5Secondary metabolites and aroma qualitySignificantly positive correlation with leaf age anatabine content, sensory quality andmodulation of tobacco leaves in Yanbian area after45days of total alkaloid content, showing nosignificant relationship between the other period alkaloid content and sensory quality. A positivecorrelation between total alkaloid content that anatabine content, modulated in leaf age45daysand how much accumulation on the sensory quality score level higher. Content of tobacco leavesin Yanbian area of phenylalanine aroma components and leaf age35and age55days polyphenolswere highly significant positive correlation, shows no significant relationship between the otherthree times the polyphenol content of aroma components and phenylalanine. Polyphenol content in45days when the tobacco browning product aroma components and leaf age and leaf age35daysshowed a significant positive correlation, shows no significant relationship between polyphenolscontent and leaf browning product aroma components of other three period.Yanbian area tobacco neophytadiene and leaf chlorophyll content of25d was positivelycorrelated with leaf age55days, chlorophyll content was negatively correlated, the chlorophyllcontent of the other three period and the new plant has not significant relationship between dienecontent.Tobacco carotenoid degradation products of chlorophyll content and leaf age of25d shows asignificant positive correlation with leaf age55days, chlorophyll content was negativelycorrelated, showing no significant relationship between the content of chlorophyll and carotenoidin other three periods of hormone degradation products.