Study On Biodiversity And Biomass Of Public Welfare Forest Community In Jiangshan

Ecological public welfare forests are shelterbelts and forests for special usages, which areincluded in the national particular natural forest protection project planning and natural keyshelterbelt construction planning. With the exhaustion of global natural resources and thedeterioration of ecological environment, it turns out to be increasingly significant and necessary tostudy the composition and distribution of the public welfare forest community. As a result, acomprehensive analysis of the spatial pattern of the public welfare forest species diversity hasgreatly scientific and practical effects on restoration and management in this region. Havingestablished a positioning monitoring system which consists of80fixed and small public welfareforest monitoring groups, this thesis completes a dynamic monitoring and evaluation system onecological forest in Jiangshan, so as to be able to understand and grasp the ecological conditionsof the public welfare forest, obtains scientific evaluations, provides basses on the establishment offorest compensation mechanism as well.（1）Mainly distributed as patchy in the major sources and the both sides of rivers, thepublic welfare forests of Jiangshan is distributed scatteredly. The forests type distribution ofpublic welfare forests tends to be balanced:33.07%of the area of public welfare forests isbroad-leaved forest;25.91%of the area of public welfare forests is Chinese fir forest;24.16%ofthe area of public welfare forests is the pine trees;8.81%of the area of public welfare forests ismixed needle;6.54%of the area of public welfare forests is bamboo forest;1.51%of the area ofpublic welfare forests is the bushes. Showing a good growth trend, the structure of forest age isreasonable, while the sparse density is low.（2）The biomass of public welfare forests of Jiangshan in2011is5.4573×106t., the averagebiomass was103.8t hm-2. Among them, broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broadleavedmixed forest are of obvious advantages, namely119.94t hm-2and111.82t hm-2.（3）It is showed that the average biomass was correlated with the terrain factors (slopedirection, slope, elevation, etc.). The maximum of the average biomass from the slope direction iswestern slope, namely119.79t hm-2. Ranking of the average biomass of the tree layer is southernslope <western slope <eastern slope <northern slope. The maximum of the average biomass from the slope gradient is the slope which more than45°, namely109.63t hm-2. And the averagebiomass increased with increasing altitude.（4）This study carried out a comparative system analysis, the sufficient number of samplesis enough to reflect some the internal regularity of species diversity. The Shannon-Weiner index ofcommunity biodiversity is broad-leaved forest>coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest> pineforest> China fir forest> bamboo forest> shrub forests. The Pielou index of communitybiodiversity is coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest>broad-leaved forest> pine forest> Chinafir forest> bamboo forest> shrub forests. In the comparison of community biodiversity, biologicaldiversity of broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest is significantlyhigher than that of other community types and distribution.（5）It is accounted for that the biodiversity was correlated with the terrain factors (slopedirection, slope, elevation, etc.). The maximum of the diversity index from the slope direction issouthern slope, while the minimum is northern slope. The maximum of t the diversity index fromthe slope gradient is is the slope which more than45°, while the minimum is the slope whichbetween25°and35°. And the diversity index increased with increasing altitude.The results show that, not only the detection mechanism in public welfare forests should beimproved, the infrastructure should be strengthened, but also the types of key ecological forestlocation is supposed to be adjusted. This thesis aims to lay a firm foundation for recovery andprotection of ecological environment under the investigation and analysis of statistics through thewhole thesis.