Effects Of Diatery Chitosan Supplimentation On Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Non-specific Immune Factors And Serum Biochemical Indexes Of Procambarus Clarkii

Chitosan was a kind of positively charged polymer alkaline polysaccharide, whichwas from chitin (shrimp and crab shell) by decalcified, getting rid of fat and proteinacetyl groups. Chemical name was (1,4)-2-amino-2-deoxidation-beta-D-glucan,chemical structure was similar to other polysaccharide substance structure. Because ofits good fiber forming, No immunogenicity, biodegradable, chitosan have goodbiocompatibility with animal organs, tissues and cells and can be absorbed by animal.At present, chitosan has been used in pharmaceutical, feed, environmental protection,agriculture, aquaculture, and other widely fields. The researchment of Chitosan used ineconomy crustaceans was seldom reported. This study investigated the effects of dietarychitosan supplementation on growth, activities of digestive enzymes, non-specificimmune factors and serum biochemical indexes of Procambarus clarkii. Six diets wereformulated with adding0.0%(control group),0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%,3.0%chitosan inbasal diet. Procambarus clarkii with initial body weight of21.55±1.62g (brood) and4.21±0.31g (juvenile) a were fed the six diets for60days. Results indicated that:1. A certain amount of chitosan could promote the growth performance ofProcambarus clarkii. There was no significant difference of Initial mean body weightbetween the groups, final mean body weight of juvenile in1.5%chitosan addition groupis significantly higher than other groups (P <0.05). with the increase of chitosan addingamount,the relative growth rate rising at first, then decreased, There were no significantdifference between the juvenile groups (P>0.05), the relative growth rate of1.0%chitosan addition group in brood Procambarus clarkii was significantly higher than thecontrol group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference of Specific growth rate injuvenile groups (P>0.05), the specific growth rate of1.0%chitosan addtition group inbrood was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was nosignificant difference of hepatopancreas index between the groups. The survival rate of1.5%chitosan addition group in juvenile procambarus clarkii was significantly higherthan the control group and3.0%chitosan addition group (P <0.05). The brood survivalrate of0.5%chitosan addition group is higher than other groups, but there were no significant difference compared to the control group and1.0%chitosan addition group(P>0.05). When the adding amount was1.5%and1.5%, the survival rate of broodprocambarus clarkii was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05).2. Chitosan can improve the digestive enzymes activities of procambarus clarkii.The trypsin activity in hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile procambarus clarkii in1.0%chitosan addition group was significantly higher than control group (P <0.05), thetrypsin activity in hepatopancreas of brood in1.0%chitosan addition group wassignificantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). The intestines trypsin activities ofbrood procambarus clarkii in1.5%and2.0%addition groups were significantly higherthan that of control group (P <0.05). The hepatopancreas amylase activity of juvenileprocamburas clarkii in1.0%chitiosan addition group was significantly higher than thecontrol group, and the intestines amylase activity of juvenile in0.5%chitosan additiongroup was significantly higher than control group (P <0.05). Both hepatopancreas andintestine amylaze activities of brood procamburas clarkii in1.5%chitosan additiongroup were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). The hepatopancreaslipase activity in1.5%chitosan addition group and the intestinal lipase activity in1.0%chitosan addition group of juvenile procamburas clarkii were significantly higher thanthe control group (P <0.05). The hepatopancreas and intestine lipase activties of broodprocamburas clarkii in1.0%chitosan addition group were significantly higher thancontrol group and the other added group (P <0.05).3. Chitosan had a significant influnces of PO, SOD, LZM, ACP, AKP activities inserum and hepatopancreas of both juvenile and brood procamburas clarkii after60drespectively. PO activity first increas the decrease by the addition of chitosan, whenaddition was2%, the PO activities in serum of both juvenile and brood procamburasclarkii were significantly higher than other groups (P <0.05). There was no significantdifference of SOD activity in serum of juvenile procamburas clarkii. Thehepatopancreas SOD activity of juvenile in1.0%chitosan addition group wassignificant higher than the control group (P <0.05). The serum SOD activity of brood in1.5%chitosan addition group was significant higher than the control group (P <0.05).Changes in hepatopancreas SOD activity of brood was smaller. The serum LZM activityof juvenile in0.5%chitosan addition group was significant higher than the controlgroup (P <0.05). The juvenile hepatopancreas LZM activity in1.0%chitosan additiongroup was significant higher than the control group (P <0.05). The LZM activity inserum and hepatopancreas of brood in1.5%chitosan addition group was significanthigher than the control group (P <0.05).there was no significant serum ACP activity of juvenile procamburas clarkii. The hepatopancreas ACP of juvenile in1.0%chitosanaddition group was significant higher compared to the control group (P <0.05). Theserum ACP activity in0.5%addition group and the hepatopancreas ACP in3.0%addition group of brood procamburas clarkii were significantly higher than the controlgroup (P <0.05).there were no significant difference of serum AKP activity of juvenile.Otherwise, the brood serum AKP activities were much higher in the chitosan additiongroups compared to the control group. The hepatopancreas AKP of brood in1.0%chitiosan addition group was significant higher than the control group (P <0.05).4. Serum biochemical factors changed significantly (P <0.05) after60d’s feeding.The serum total protein and albumin of juvenile in1.5%chitosan addition group weresignificantly higher than the other groups (P <0.05). The serum total protein andalbumin of brood in2.0%chitosan addition group were significantly higher than theother groups (P <0.05). The ALT, AST activity of both juvenile and brood procamburasclarkii in chitosan addition groups were significant lower than the control group (P <0.05). There were no significant difference of serum total cholesterol (TC) andtriglyceride (TG) concentration of juvenile procamburas clarkii.the brood’s serum totalcholesterol in2.0%were significantly higher than the control group. The serumtriglyceride levels of brood in chitosan addition groups were significantly higher thanthat the control group (P <0.05).In conclusion, results suggested that dietary intake containing chitosan couldpromote the growth performance, optimize the intestinal microbial flora, increase theactivity of digestive enzymes, improve the feed utilization rate, and promote theabsorption of nutrients of procamburas clarkii. Dietary intake containing chitosan couldenhance non-specific immunity factors in serum and hepatopancreas and improve theserum biochemical factors of procamburas clarkii, so as to achieve the purpose ofpreventing disease. Comprehensive growth performance, digestive enzymes,nonspecific immunity factors and serum biochemical index, the appropriate level ofchitosan added in feed of crustaceans is0.5%~1.5%.