Effects Of Different Furrows And Ridges Cultivation Patterns On Water Use And Yield Of Maize Under The Condition Of Regulated Deficit Irrigation

The cultivation mode,which uses pastic-film to cover the whole ridges and furrows to savewater,has been widely used in agriculture in―Shiyanghe‖river basin.However,under thecondition of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI),the research of effect on moisture dynamics,waterconsumption, producticity,water use efficiency,which combined no autumn tillage and irrigationafter sowing instead of winter irrigation was very rare.Taking―Jixiang1‖as material of fieldtrials,the research was conducted in the testing base of Wuwei Academy of Agricultural Sciencesin2012.The design of water-saving cultivation techniques included five different modes whichwere the all-film ridge cultivation (T1),the all-film side of the ridge cultivation (T2),the all-filmfurrow cultivation (T3),the all-film double furrows cultivation (T4),and the all-film conventionalflat cultivation (T5).They measured moisture index each treatment(the moisture content of profilein different stages,the soil water storage of profile,water consumption,water usecoefficient),growth index (growth process,plant height,dry matter of plant organs),componentsof production,harvest and water use efficiency index,etc.The main results were as follows:1.The trials results show that T3,T4treatments can speed up the moisture flow from deep soilto the surface soil and provided moisture guarantee for corn emergence and seedling growth inseedling stage.However,under the condition of regulated deficit irrigation,irrigation water of T1treatment cannot flow through ridge surface hole infiltrae to the corn seedling root zone andrealize direct infiltration of ridge,making vertical infiltration of furrow serious and soil moisturecontent in the profile of0~30cm significantly lower than other treatment in the seedling stage.Atjointing stage,huge bellbottom stage,the T3treatmemt with the soil moisture content in0~100cmis significantly higher than other treatment each section to meet the demand of corn tasselingstage to lay a water foundation.In tasseling stage,T3T3treatment promoted transpiration rateduring the critical period of water requirement of maize and average soil moisture in0~100cmsoil layer fell0.47%,compared with other treatment during the huge bell-mouthed stage,whileother treatment had obvious increase in moisture content.In filling stage,with the arrival of watersupplement and precipitation concentration period,T3treatment can make use of water divisionof the ridge,and permeability stopping to gather rainfall to the furrow,and then the waterinfiltrate to the crop roots through the seeding holes,greatly increasing the soil moisturecontent,which proves T3treatment works most effectively in soil moisture content in soil layer of0~100cm.In matureI stage,soil moisture within20~60cm soil layer of T3treatment reached18.05%,significantly higher than other cultivation treatment,thus increasing soil water storage insoil profile of30-70cm,where the roots mainly spread,and helping the corn root system to absorbmoisture from seeding stage to maturity.2. In terms of maize water consumption in different treatments,T3treatment can effectivelycontrol vigorous growth and reduce invalid water consumption during the vegetative growthstage.From the maize seedling stage to huge bellbottom stage,water consumption,the strength ofwater consumption,water consumption coefficient were low than other processing.Duringtasseling stage,T3treatment can accelerate maize transpiration rate,and maintain a strongphotosynthesis and a active physiological metabolism.From the corn big bell to tasselingstage,intensity of water consumption,water consumption,water consumption modulus ratiocoefficient increased significantly,reaching the highest in the whole stages,and significantlyhigher than other processing.From grain filling to mature stage,T3treatment can maintain strong transpiration in the late of maize growth,promote nutrient absorption,consolidate the highyield.water consumption was significantly higher than other processing,up to80.87mm.3. T3treatment to improve maize plant type,coordinate with corn vegetative andreproductive growth toward the ideal plant type of water-saving production.In corn jointing tohuge bellbottom,the growth index of plant height,stem and leaf weight using T3treatment was inthe middle of5kinds of cultivation treatment,compared with the corresponding parameter values;In late huge bellbottom,plant height,stem weight,leaf weight,spike weight,dry matteraccumulation increased rapidly,significantly higher than other cultivation process,promoting thephotosynthesis products to the corn grain distribution,improving the corn harvest index,compared with the T5respectively increasing by3.91%.4. In terms of yield component factors,T3treatment showed obvious characteristics ofadvantages.Especially ear length,grain number per panicle,thousand kernel weight, grainNumbers per row,spike weight were more significantly increased than T5treatment;ear width,earrows,bare tip length,plant height and other yield component factors had no significantdifference,compared with T5treatment;Spike length, grain number,thousand kernel weight,grainNumbers per spike,spike weight,plant heights are correlation,and positively correlatedrelationship,which showed increasing plant height properly will improve the factors of othermaize yield,and maize yield,throughagricultural cultivation and management measures of waterand fertilizer.5. In terms of the influence of Different treatment on maize grain yield per unit area,thebiological yield and water use efficiency,T3treatment had most advantages.The grainyield,biological yield,water use efficiency were the highest,increasing by9.65%,5.63%and5.63%,respectively,compared with the T5treatment. From the handling of water consumption inthe whole stages,there is a great difference among different treatment, water consumption asfollows:T2> T5> T4> T3> T1.T2treatment water consumption,the highest in the wholestages,up to80.87mm;T1was minimum,up to80.87mm,but the water use efficiency waslow.water consumption of T3treatment throughout whole stages was lower,up to456.36mm,compared with the T5(CK) saving water25.77mm,was reducing5.3%,which showed higheryield and water use efficiency.In the5treatment of the reach, T3treatment turned out to be theoptimal way of cultivation,and worth popularizing in the shiyang river basin irrigationagriculture application.To sum up,comprehensive water saving technology of no autumn tillage and irrigation aftersowing instead of winter irrigation,with the corn moisture deficit,corn all-film furrow cultivationtreatment effectively controlled the vegetative growth of corn prosperous stage,improved maizeplant type, Reduced the water consumption of the vegetative growth stage, coordinatedvegetative growth and reproductive growth of maize,increased Harvest index of maize,significantly increased maize yield and improved the water use efficiency.