| Objective:Yak was one specific species of the plateau region,living in the evilcondition of high cold,low oxygen. They possessed important role of arable land,carring matter but produced milk, meat, velour. however, ungular health wascrucial,only ungula was healthy, each task was completed favourably. Regardingseldom studies of yak’s ungula, the character of structure and arterial distribution ofyak’s ungula would be studied by our experiment.Methods:(1) Through the gross anatomy and measurement of yak’s ungula,anatomical structure and character of yak’s ungula were studied.(2) Through all kinds of staining methods and observation of microscope, histologicalstructure and character of yak’s ungula were studied.(3) Through observation of artery casting BaSO4, X-Ray visualization and vascularcasting specimen,the source, distribution and strike of artery of yak’s fore or hind limbdigit and ungula were studied.Results:(1) The results showed that the fore ungulae and hind ungulae were almostthe same in anatomical structure; the main ungula was composed of unguis limbus,unguis coronal, unguis wall, unguis sole and unguis sphere. Circumference of unguiscoronal epidermis was15.69±0.82cm, Circumference of unguis wall epidermis was14.85±0.72cm and Circumference of unguis sole epidermis was16.27±0.90cm；Therewere762.63±47.06lamellae in Yak’s ungula wall with no secondary lamellae, theheight of0.3～2.2mm and the length of0.9～5.6mm.(2) The fore ungula and hind ungula were almost the same in histological structure;epidermis was composed of stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum and stratum basale; No stratum lucidum was existed in Ungulalimbus epidermis and stratum corneum which was composed of soft keratinocytes wasin loose ordering state; ungula coronal epidermis and ungula sphere epidermis werecomposed of five layers but ungula coronal near the ungula wall had no stratumlucidum and stratum granulosum; ungula wall epidermis and ungula sole epidermishad no stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum; stratum papillare and dermallamellae were rich in capillaries, collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Many vascularswere distributed in reticular layer with arteriovenous anastomosis. ungula limbus,ungula coronal and ungula sphere contained subcutaneous tissue, especially in ungulasphere, there were rich complicated adipose tissue and connective tissue. (3) Artery of the fore-limb yak’s digit and ungula was mainly the branches of thepalmar common digital a. Ⅲ and abaxial palmar digital a. Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The axialpalmar digital a. Ⅲ and Ⅳ was the stretch of the trunk artery after the palmarcommon digital a. Ⅲ give off the arteria occipitalis Ⅲ and Ⅳ digit. The axialpalmar digital a. Ⅲ and Ⅳ got to the blood vessel foramina and turned to the acuteangle then formed the artery replication proprius Ⅲ and Ⅳ digit; artery palmarismiddle phalanx and artery dorsi-middle phalanx were branches of the axial palmardigital a. Ⅲ and Ⅳ; abaxial palmar digital a. Ⅲ and Ⅳ and artery replicationproprius Ⅲ and Ⅳ digit were inosculated in the ungula point and provided nutritionfor the uagula point. Artery of the hind-limb digit and ungula was mainly the branchesof the artery digitalis dorso-pedis communis Ⅲ and artery proprius Ⅲ and Ⅳpedis far axial; arteria occipitalis Ⅲ and Ⅳ digit, artery dorsi-middle phalanx andartery planta middle phalanx were branches of artery proprius Ⅲ and Ⅳ pedisdorso-axial; the remainder were the same as the fore-limb.Conclusion: Anatomical, histogolical structure and distribution, strike of arterialvessels of yak’s ungula were determined by our study. In order to provide tomorphological basis for clinical treatment of ungula disease and the ungulaadaptability to plateau terrain. |
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