| The development model of predatory was blamed for the resource and environmentalproblems, to seek a sustainable development of management model was urgent, thus theconcept of sustainable development was put forward, and had attracted wide attention all overthe world. In the rocky desertification region of southwest china, the ecosystem was fragile, theecological environment was destroyed, economic development was blocked, the populationpressure was large, and the degree of civilization was low, had seriously hampered the grandgoal of achieving sustainable development. Small watershed is the basic unit of sustainabledevelopment, but also the implementation of the operating unit of rocky desertification projects.With the rocky desertification comprehensive treatment projects were carried out extensively,evaluation of sustainable development of small watersheds implemented comprehensivetreatment projects in the rocky desertification area had greatly significance. pointed out thecontribution factors and the limiting factors to sustainable development, put forwardsuggestions, help the smooth progress of the comprehensive treatment, contributed to thesustainable development of small watershed and even the whole rocky desertification area.This paper took a typical small watershed conducted comprehensive treatmeats in rockydesertification area of Jinsha County, Guizhou Province——wujing river small watershed foran example, studied the evaluation system of small watershed sustainable development,quantitative evaluation methods and results of evaluation, conclusions were drawn as follows:(1) In-depth study of the connotation of sustainable development, combining of ecology,landscape ecology theory, attempted the landscape pattern index into the evaluation of thesustainable development of small watershed firstly. Finally integrated the existing researchresults, expert opinions and the typical characteristics of the small watersheds in rockydesertification area, put forward the basic principle of sustainable development evaluationindicators system, applied Frequency Statistics method, Theoretical Analysis method and Expert Consultation method to construct one simple and practical sustainable developmentevaluation indicators system for the small watersheds implemented comprehensive treatmentprojects in the rocky desertification area, the system contained landscape pattern, ecologicalenvironment, resource conditions, economic development, social progress, populationconditions, and science education health7criterion layers, total of32indicators.Verified by anexample, the system was a fairly strong practical promotion in rocky desertification area.(2) In the aspects of indicators acquisition, the article took the advanced means of remotesensing, geographical information system, RUSLE, and so on, combined investigation, datacollection etc, achieved the indicators system quantitatieve acquisition, used the proportionmethod for the standardization processing of the indicating data, greatly improved the accuracyand reliability of evaluation results, provided an important method quantitative evaluation ofsustainable development for small watershed in rocky desertification area.(3) This paper further utilized AHP and delphi to determine the weight of the indicators,sorted7aspects affecting sustainable development of small watershed of comprehensivetreatment in rocky desertification area by weight, top3were ecological environment (0.3323),resource conditions (0.1969), and landscape pattern (0.1837). Then sorted32indicators byweight, top6were soil erosion modulus (0.1531), the proportion of rocky desertification area(0.1132), contagion (0.1047), per capita forest and grassland area (0.0657), Per capita netincome (0.0627), the proportion of the number of households drinking safe water (0.0536),they were the main contribution indicators of sustainable development.(4) This paper used linear weighted evaluation model to make sure the sustainabledevelopment degree and measured the state of sustainable development of small watershed,combing the results showed that the sustainable development capacity of wujing river smallwatershed was low in2004and2007, the sustainable development degree were0.3932,0.3776,didn’t reach the level of sustainable development. But0.4890in2010, on the verge of the stageof sustainable development. In2007, even though the economy, society, science and educationand health services had more advanced than2004, due to the great deterioration of theecological environment, and resource conditions, the ability of sustainable development had reduced. In2010, though small watershed was implemented comprehensive treatment projects,soil erosion modulus, forest and grassland resources and the area of rocky desertification andso on had significantly improved. The capacity of small watershed for sustainable developmenthad enhanced, though it had been in the stage of unsustainable development, but closely hadbeen in stage of sustainable development basically, it could clearly be seen that the rockydesertification comprehensive treatment had played an important role for the sustainabledevelopment.(5) By using distance method to analyze the limiting factors of sustainable development,pointed out the main limiting factors to sustainable development of wujing river smallwatershed before comprehensive treatment were the popularization rate of biogas digester, theproportion of people to participate in various types of training, the popularization rate of thenew type of rural social endowment insurance, the effective rate of irrigation, proportion ofhouseholds to safe drinking water, proportion of rocky desertification area, phone penetration,the proportion of poor people, and so on. The main limiting factors to sustainable developmentafter comprehensive treatment were the effective rate of irrigation, proportion of rockydesertification area, the per capita dependency ratio, and so on. In addition, the author proposedcountermeasures and suggestions to weakness, it had important reference value for thesustainable development of small watershed. |
PDF Full Text Request