The Molecular Markers Detection Of Vernalization, Photoperiod And Analysis Of The Mechanism On Frost Resistance In The Different Varieties Of Wheat

Wheat originated in the fertile crescent in the Middle East region, is a widely grown cereal cropall over the world, is also the world’s second food crops. In the agricultural production, low temperaturefreezing injury is a serious natural disaster, is also certain crop regional and seasonal restricted factors. Thescreening and the study of cold hardiness of wheat wheat cold resistance mechanism, enhance cold stressresistance of crops such as wheat breeding practice and accelerate the breeding process of wheat are ofimportant significance.This study is divided into two parts: one to43wheat materials were studied by the fieldexperiment, the difference of Wheat Vernalization, photoperiod gene and different temperature conditions,the content of soluble sugar detection; second from the materials selected6varieties Jimai22, Aikang58,Zhengmai7698, Zhoumai23, a new wheat23Zhengmai9023, pot experiment, the physiological andbiochemical changes during the development of Wheat Cultivars with different spike in the artificialclimate chamber study under low temperature stress, physiological biochemical mechanism of resistance ofwheat on the basis of this, in order to provide theoretical basis and identification methods for wheatresistance breeding, the main research results are as follows:1. The identification results known of vernalization gene: vernalization gene is recessive genes ina gene called Vrn-A1, in the Vrn-B1locus in Zhengmai9023, Yumai34, arbor is the dominant genotype,other varieties are recessive gene, the Vrn-D1locus Aikang58, Zhoumai23, the new wheat23is thedominant genotype, others were recessive genotype, Vrn-B3site test results are hidden.2. The identification results known of photoperiod gene: gourd head, big mouth, red wheatMonkhead is recessive alleles, belongs to photoperiod sensitive type. The remaining40wheat is adominant allele, genera of photoperiod insensitive type.3. Effects of low temperature treatment on Wheat Physiological Index of Different PanicleDevelopment stage:In two stages, floret differentiation stage, stamen and pistil differentiation stage, antherconnective stage and four stage, SOD, CAT activity were increased first and then decreased, but the trendto increase, SOD, CAT enzyme activity was highest at the treatment of12h, to extend the soluble sugar content with low temperature treatment time increased.In two stages, floret differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage, the MDA content firstincreased and then decreased, the highest accumulation in6h low temperature treatment,24h lowtemperature treatment, is the largest decline in Zhengmai7698,43%, or the smallest is Aikang58,30%,floret differentiation stage, changes of MDA content of male and female pistil differentiation stage and twostages similar; in the connective stage and the four stage, MDA accumulation, in five ear developmentperiod, spring, weak spring varieties MDA concentration was significantly higher than that of wintervarieties.In two stages and the floret differentiation stage, the content of soluble protein increased firstlyand then decreased, when dealing with12h the largest accumulation, in the pistil and stamen differentiationstage, anther connective stage and four stage, the content of soluble protein with low temperature stressincreased.4. Significantly positive correlation with the soluble protein in Wheat Leaves under lowtemperature treatment, the soluble sugar, SOD, CAT.5. Floret differentiation stage, stamen and pistil differentiation stage, anther connective stage,four stage of wheat on the damage sensitive period, but lateelongation stage is the most sensitive period offreezing injury of wheat.6. Different panicle development stages, effects of low temperature treatment on chlorophyllfluorescence parameters:Developmental stages of different panicle, general change trend of all kinds of basic consistent,Fv/Fm, φ PS II and qP value increased with the prolonging of treatment time and decreased, NPQ increased,suggesting that PS Ⅱ activity center was destroyed, the anther connective stage than other PanicleDevelopment Stage of low temperature sensitive, more easily freezing injuryChanges of these indexes, MDA, soluble protein, soluble sugar content and SOD, CAT activitycan be used as an important physiological index of wheat frost resistance mechanism, also can be faster andmore accurate identification of wheat frost force by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.