Effects Of Topsoil Regulation And Organic Materials To Field On Wheat Growth And Soil Charactors

Soil is the basic of crops. But there are two unreasonable factors of soil structure and nutrient balance toprevent the increasing yield of crops in Henan Province now. So it is very necessary to study the topsoil regulationand organic materials to field in wheat field. A long-term trial of different tillage ways and organic materials tofield from2007was conducted with Aikang58as experimental material in Huojia County, Henan Province, China.From2011to2012,12treatments were processed in the trial, and they were deep tillage (S), deep tillage withmaize straw (SJ), deep tillage with manure (SF), deep tillage with manure and maize straw (SFJ), deep tillage withbiogas residue (SZ), deep tillage with biogas residue and maize straw (SZJ), shallow tillage (Q), shallow tillagewith maize straw (QJ), shallow tillage with manure (QF), shallow tillage with manure and maize straw (QFJ),shallow tillage with biogas residue (QZ), shallow tillage with biogas residue and maize straw (QZJ). In differentgrowth stages, such as wintering, rising, heading, filling and maturity, the morphology and physiological indexesof wheat plant were determined, and the physical, chemical and biological properties of0-50cm soil were assayed.Further more, the effects of different treatments on wheat development, soil enzyme activity and verticaldistribution of the amount of soil microbial were studied, and the correlations among soil enzyme activities,microbial amount and wheat yield were analysed deeply. The main research results were as follows:1. With comparising enzyme activity and microorganism amount in soil with different treatments of topsoilregulation and organic materials to field, the results showed that SZ was helpful to promote the activity of soilurease, while inhibiting the soil catalase activity. With shallow tillage, urease activity were lower and catalaseactivity were higher in0-50cm topsoil. As for the microbial number in soil, the effects of farming was biger thanorganic materials.2. With comparising enzyme activity and microorganism amount in soil at different growth stages of wheat,the results showed that there were a trend of urease activity as up-down-up and a trend of catalase activity asfirst up and then down. Soil enzyme activity was lower in wintering stage, while the biggest urease activity atrising stage and the biggest catalase activity at heading stage. Additionally, the total microorganism amount of SFwas the biggest, and the total microorganism amount of QF was the lowest.3. With comparising enzyme activity and microorganism amount in soil on vertical section of0-50cm soil,the results showed that the urease activity in0-30cm topsoil was higher than that in30-50cm topsoil; but thecatalase activity increased gradually with the adding depth of topsoil. The amount of bacteria in topsoil showed agradually reduce tread with the declining of soil layers; the amount of fungi and actinomycetes were the largest in10-20cm soil layer, but then reduced gradually with the deepening of soil layers. 4. With comparising wheat yield and yield characters with different treatments of topsoil regulation andorganic materials to field, the results showed that With the SF treatment, the three factors of production, earnumber,1000-grain weight and grain number per spike, were much higher and more harmonious; so thepromotion of yield was more significant.5. Through the correlation analysis of soil enzyme activities, microbial flora and wheat yield, there werepositive correlations between urease activity and the number of grains per spike, But there were negativecorrelation between catalase activity and the number of grains per spike. Additionally, the activities of ureaseandcatalase, the amount of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes were all correlated positively with ear number andwheat yield. That is to say, the stronger the biological activity of field soil was, the higher the wheat yield was.