The Research Of Characteristics On Cinnamon Potassium Of Long-term Fertilization

Cinnamon cultivated land area is2.861million hm2in Shanxi Province, that is54.9%of the provincial all land areas, which is the main farming soil of Shanxi Province. Potassium is one of the necessary nutrient elements of crop growth and has important physiological and biochemical function, in the process of the growth of crops. For a long time, it restricts he deep research on the theory of potassium balance and potassium ertilization technology application. That is affecting the concept of " the lack of phosphorus, less nitrogen and more potassium" and relying on imports of potassium fertilizer in our country. Based on the long-term fertilization experiment on Shouyang of Shanxi Province, we know the characteristics on cinnamon potassium balance and cumulative production of crop and cinnamon potassium forms and different time-space evolution though the experiment of long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer and different ways of corn stover incorporated. It is better for the science theory basis of reasonable utilization of cinnamon potassium resources, which can maintain and improve potassium fertilization, scientific guidance potassium. The results are as follows:1. Though the test of long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure, cumulative yields of maize changes greatly. The cumulative yields of maize increased from44.99to58.69t/hm2, in single nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure treatments increased from76.37to84.75t/hm2. It shows that long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure can improve the cumulative yields of maize. Yields of with organic manure treatments is higher, and increased with the increase of applying organic manure increased. Though the test of different ways of corn stover incorporated, the cumulative yields of maize of spring fertilization treatments increased from8.47to15.37t/hm2than autumn fertilization treatments. Autumn fertilization is better than spring fertilization.2. Though the test of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure, in addition to N0P0M6, potassium amount of apparent is surplus, other treatment is deficient. Treatments of single nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer than no fertilizer, deficiency of potassium show a trend of decrease after the increase. With organic manure treatments, deficient of potassium decrease. To the high amount of organic fertilizer treatment, potassium amount of apparent is surplus. Though the test of different ways of corn stover incorporated, the all treatments of soil potassium are deficient, and the deficiency between465.40and2706.70kg/hm2. Deficient of the spring fertilizer is higher than fall fertilization corresponding treatments. It is difficult to maintain crop growth needing that brought into the soil potassium though corn stover incorporated and the result is deficient in soil potassium.3. Though the test nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure, soil available potassium content of no fertilizer and single nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments decline than the beginning of test, droping amount between0.70and24.9mg/kg. Soil available potassium content of with organic fertilizer treatments rise, rising amount between44and243mg/kg. Soil slowly available potassium content of the all treatment declined, droping amount between145and385mg/kg. Treatments of with organic fertilizer effectively slow down the declining rate of soil slowly available potassium. The test of different ways of corn stover incorporated, the soil available potassium content of the all treatment increase than the beginning of test, rising between32.60and78.60mg/kg. Slowly available potassium of the all treatment decrease than the beginning of test, droping between129.00and279.00mg/kg. The droping amount of spring fertilization treatments is higher than autumn fertilization treatments.4. Through the analysis of available potassium, slowly available potassium and total potassium content of the soil profile in2011year, it shows that soil available potassium content of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and organic manure treatment is significantly higher than the no fertilizer treatment corresponding soil in0～40cm soil layer in the test of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure. Soil slowly available potassium content of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic manure is significantly higher than the no fertilizer treatment corresponding soil in0～100cm soil layer. Though the different ways of corn stover incorporated, the rules of spring fertilization and fall fertilization are basically identical. Available potassium content is higher than the not returning treatment corresponding soil in the0～80cm soil layer. The variation of soil slowly available potassium content is not obvious. The total potassium content of cattle manure application was higher than other in0～100cm soil layer.5. Through the analysis of the content of different potassium forms plough layer soil of the all treantments in the fall2011year, it shows that the content and ratio non exchangeable potassium are increased, single nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments than no fertilizer. But the ratio of mineral potassium is reduced. With organic fertilizer treatments, it decreased the mineral potassium ratio, while improving the potassium content and proportion of the other forms. Compared with the test at the beginning of1992, in addition to the high amount of organic fertilizer treatment, the sum of available potassium and slow available potassium of the other treatment are reduced. About different ways of corn stover incorporated, the all of different ways of straw returned treatment increased the content of soil various forms potassium, and cattle manure application way works best. Compared with the test at the beginning of1992, the sum of available potassium and slow available potassium of each treatment is reduced, and the reduction of the autumn fertilizer is less.