| The rice is not only one of the most important crops in the world, but also a model plant for research. Nearly half of the people enjoy it in the world. So doing research on the rice is important either in the aspect of the production or the scientific research.The ideal plant type of rice is the aim that the breeding researchers want to achieve. Leaf rolling, plant height and panicle type are all the characters that the ideal plant should considered. Leaves play a very important role in plant development for their function of photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves with properly rolling will enlarge the area of photosynthesis for the plant. For the culm is wrapped by the sheath closely, the culm is strong and which can prevent diseases and insect pests when coming to the heading date. The production will be affected if the sheath has problems.We will find the differences when comparing the mutant yjs with the wild plant9311. For instance, the rolling leaves, the loosing sheath and the sterile fringes all can be observed in the mutant yjs, but not in the wild plant.According to the cytologically analysis, we find more bulliform cells in the mutant yjs than what in the wild plant. Water uptake of the bulliform cells in the adaxial epidermis can lead to the rolling towards the abaxial side. The conclusion coincides with the study that shrinkage of bulliform cells in the adaxial epidermis near the midrib has been linked to leaf rolling in rice. There are also some changes in the cells of the sheath. The internal surface of the leaf sheath of yjs is rough, but the9311is smooth. The air cavity of the leaf sheath of the mutant type yjs is longer. Maybe the changes above lead to a loose sheath of the mutant type yjs.The mutant yjs and the wild plant9311have the same number of the internodes, but all the five internodes of the mutant yjs are all shorter than that of the wild plant9311. That’s why they have difference plant height.We counted the number of the kernel of the panicle and found that there were about10kernels in one panicle of the mutant type yjs. We did experiments to analyse the reason of the sterile, but the pollen and embryo sac of the mutant type yjs are all normal. In the F2population derived from the cross between the mutant yjs and the wild plant9311, the segregation ratio of seeds showing dominant and recessive phenotype followed Mendelian pattern basically, the ratio of the recessive phenotype and the dominant phenotype is1:3, indicating that yjs is a single gene recessive mutant. Subsequently, yjs was located on the short arm of Chromosome6, confined within33cM between the molecular mark q-19and y-3. Ultimately, yjs was restricted between the molecular mark q-17and q-7, within about300kb. According to some literature, yjs was testified to be a new gene related to the rolling leaves and the loosing sheath.It is necessary for us to do further research to disclose the functions of this gene and apply the gene to the product.We pay more and more attention to the rice quality with the better development of our lives. Starch is the main storage material of rice seed endosperm. Cloning and analyzing genes related to starch can explicit the metabolism of the starch and provide ideas for the breeding researchers.The loose starch granule is key reason that causes the opaque character of the seed. According to the analysis of the SEM, we find that the starch granule is compact in the endosperm of the wild-type N22, but is loose in the endosperm of the mutant-type q4359.The opacity of the seed is mainly caused by the decrease of the starch. But the content of the starch in the mutant q4359has no difference to the wild plant N22. Which conflict with the theory. So we need more research on it.According to the experiment we verify the conclusion that the witebelly of the seed is more severe with the higher temperature.The gene q4359was localized at chromosome3. These are the base work for the gene clone and the function analysis of the gene in the future. |
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