Study On Fermented Soybean Meal With Combined Microbes And Its Effect On Production Performance Of Pigs

With the development of animal husbandry, the demand for protein sources has increased. Replacing high-price animal protein such as whey, fish meal and other protein resources with low-price vegetable proteins will become a hot topic of animal husbandry research. In order to increase nutritive values of soybean meal (SBM), three species of microbes(Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei and Hansenula anomala) were used for fermentation. The best combinations of microbes were determined by estimating the contents of soybean peptide and anti-nutritional factors in the fermented soybean meal (FSBM). The main contents were as follows:(1) The optimum proportions of three species of microbes for fermented soybean meal were determined by estimating the contents of soybean peptide and anti-nutritional factors in FSBM. The results showed that the best microbial proportion of Bacillus subtilis, Hansenula anomala and Lactobacillus casei was2:1:2.(P<0.05).(2) In order to study the effect of FSBM on suckling piglet growth performance,25litters of7-day-old piglets were selected and divided into5groups,5litters for each group. The piglets were fed with5kinds of creep diets during suckling period, weaned at ages of21d. After weaning, the piglets were continually fed with creep diets for10d. The basal creep diet was consisted of10%SBM and6%orosin as the control group (group1). In group2,3,4and5, SBM in creep diets was replaced by FSM, and orosin levels were6%,4%,2%,0%, respectively.The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) in group4was increased by3.57%(P>0.05), feed conversion ratios (FCR) in group2,3,4,5were decreased by19.05%,9.52%,28.57%and23.81%(F>0.05), the diarrhea rates were decreased by12.03%,8.86%,7.59%and10.13%(P<0.05), compared with the control group before weaning.After weaning, ADG in group2,3,4,5were increased by33.33%,44.44%,38.89%,33.33%(P<0.05), FCR were decreased by12.03%,8.86%,7.59%and10.13%(P<0.05) within1week, compared with the control group. The crude fat digestibility in the groups added with FSBM was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Even though other nutrient digestibilities were also increased by FSBM addition, they were not significant (P>0.05). Analysis of economic benefits indicated that the net income in group2,3,4and5were incerased by3.07,6.13,8.95and9.78Chinese yuan per pig, compared with the control. The effects of FSBM on fecal microflora and enzyme activity35-day-old piglets were also studied. The results showed that FSBM could increase the counts of lactic acid bacteria, and decrease the counts of E. coli in piglet feces, compared with control group (P<0.05). The fecal enzyme activities had no significant changes among the different groups (P>0.05).(3) To study the effects of FSBM on production performance of weaned piglets,25035-day-old pigs were assigned to5groups,5replications for each group,10pigs for each replication. The experimental period was30d. The basal diet was consisted of corn and SBM feedstuffs as the control group (group1). In group2,3,4and5, SBM in basal diet was replaced by50%FSBM,100%FSBM,50%soybean protein concentrate (SBPC) and100%SBPC, respectively. The result indicated that FCR and diarrhea rates in group2,3,4,5were decreased by3.59%,8.52%,6.73%,6.28%; and24.53%,62.26%,75.47%and37.74%respectively, compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences for ADG among the different groups (P>0.05), but FSBM could improve nutrient digestibility significantly, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Analysis of economic benefits indicated that the net income in group3was increased by3.32Chinese yuan per pig, compared with the control.The study for effects of FSBM on fecal microflora and enzyme activity for65-day-old piglets showed that FSBM could increase the counts of lactic acid bacteria and decrease the counts of E. coli in piglet feces, compared with control group (P<0.05). In addition, the FSBM could significantly increase fecal protease activity and serum ALT concentration (P<0.05), but the fecal lipase and amylase activities and other serum biochemical indexes had no significant changes (P>0.05).