| China is a dry country, and water resources per capita are only a quarter of theworld average. Drought, floods and water environmental degradation have becomethe three major problems in China in the new century, and they greatly restrict thesustainable economic growth and social development. At the same time, urbanizationhas also brought environmental pollution, flooding and other issues. The rainwater asone of the most fundamental, the most direct and the most economical water resourceis an important link of water cycle in nature. It can not only recharge of groundwater,but also improve and protect the ecological environment. So rainwater has become animportant way to get rid of water shortage.Coastal areas are transitional areas of land and sea interaction, and theirgeographical location determines the special pattern of rainwater resources utilization.Taking Laoshan District of Qingdao City of Shandong Province as the object of studyand supported by RS and GIS, this paper analyses and calculates the potential ofrainwater resources, and it focuses on the utilization of rainwater resources by jointChinese-German technical project (2007DFB70200), national natural sciencefoundation (41371395), national science and technology support program(2012BAB11B01), Shandong Provincial water resources department-funded project(Lu water property word [2012] No.49-2) and Qingdao City water conservancyscience and technology project (Qing201002). The main research contents and resultsare as follows:(1) By analyzing the domestic and foreign research status and the calculationmethods of the potential of rainwater resources and exploring the rainwater utilizationachievement of China, it can learn and use the calculation methods of the potential ofthe rainwater resources and the research of rainwater utilization.(2) Through elaborating and analyzing the basic situation of Laoshan District,this paper reveals the evolution trend of the social economic development of LaoshanDistrict, and by analyzing the history and the problems of rainwater utilization ofLaoshan District put forward the necessity of rainwater utilization.(3) By using the software of GIS can correct, crop, extract, classify and othersteps remote sensing images and thematic maps of Laoshan District to get the slopemaps, the aspect maps, the land use map and other related maps. According toelevation divided to mountainous areas and plains and combined with the relatedprecipitation data, it can get calculation of the potential of rainwater resources both inmountainous areas and plains. The potential of rainwater resources of the wet year, thenormal year and the dry year are51.511million m3,40.478million m3and33.55million m3in mountainous areas, and the potential of rainwater resources of the wetyear, the normal year and the dry year are59.712million m3,50.197million m3and39.145million m3in plains. So, the potential of rainwater resources of the wet year, the normal year and the dry year are111.223million m3,90.675million m3and72.695million m3in Laoshan District. This provides the scientific basis for theconstruction of rainwater utilization projects in Laoshan District.(4) In the rainwater utilization, Laoshan District is divided into mountainousareas, agricultural areas and built-up areas to research and analyze. The rainwaterutilization of different types of underlying surface were analyzed by using RS andGIS technology, and the rainwater utilization ways of mountainous areas, agriculturalareas and built-up areas were put forward. The rainwater utilization ways ofmountainous areas mainly have building dams, the rainwater of impoundmentinfiltration, superposition of rainwater utilization and rainwater resource utilization indifferent places; the rainwater utilization ways of agricultural areas mainly have usingcatchment areas of rainwater utilization and stormwater runoff storage mode; therainwater utilization ways of built-up areas mainly have two ways: rainwaterharvesting tanks and rainwater harvesting reservoirs. This program provides methodsand basis for the rainwater utilization in different zones of coastal areas. |
