Finite Element Analysis And Optimization Design Of20T/5T Bridge Crane Girder

As one of the most important tools and equipments in modern industrial productionand lifting transportation industry, bridge crane has been widely used in indoor andoutdoor factories and enterprises, railway transportation and logistics departments.However most of the crane design still stay in empirical design, there are few designersmake overall analysis of the whole bridge structure. The article’s research object is a20T/5T bridge crane produced by a machine factory. The research content includes finiteelement analysis, structure improvement and optimization of the girder, reduce the costof products on premise of meeting requirements of users on strength and stiffness.At first, this article established mathematical optimal model of the girder, chosesizes needed to be optimized of girder according to mathematical model, and took it asdesign variables. Finite element model of crane bridge was built by parametric designlanguage “APDL”, and applied constraints and loads correctly. Made finite elementanalysis for four kinds of typical conditions, displacement and stress distribution ofgirder in every condition is calculated. Compared large stress and its location of everycondition, selected the most dangerous condition through a form intuitively, anddeveloped the girder structure base on stress concentration phenomenon. Made astructure analysis for the new girder, the maximum stress was decreased from248.8Mpato176.2Mpa, decreased by28.6%than before. Thus stress concentration was reduced,and the result provided good stress reserve for future optimal design.Made optimization for girder based on the improved structure, reduced the weightof girder in the premise of meeting the requirement of strength and stiffness. At first, thearticle use the optimizer of ANSYS to optimize the structure of girder, after21times ofiteration, obtained the best project, and the best project was rounded and analyzed again.Contrast with the initial scheme, the weight of girder was reduced by18%.The article also use the guide-weight method to optimize the structure of girder,with ANSYS as the analyzer, SOGA software as the optimizer, the best project wascalculated out by only four times iteration. Contrast with the initial scheme, the weight ofgirder was reduced by21.5%. Thus it can be seen that compared with using ANSYS tooptimize the structure, the convergence rate of the Guide-Weight method is faster, theeffect is more obvious, it fully verified the superiority of the Guide-Weight method.The research of the article reduced the weight of the crane girder and the waste ofmaterial in production, meet the needs of the enterprises and users at the same time,provided a good reference for the future research and development of the similarproducts, it had important theoretical and practical significance.