Study On Evaluation On Restoration Potential Of Abandoned Soil At Mining Area By RS And GIS

Good ecological environment is the basis of human survival and the prerequisiteof social sustainable development. Currently, a serious problem that our country facesis that ecological environment problems, corresponding changes of soil quality andmining environment caused by humanity mines on a large scale, which will bringhuge threat to people’s life and the social development. Therefore, this paper chose anappropriate evaluation index and accurate evaluation methods that extractsenvironment information on the basis of the measured rock ground spectral data andhyperspectral data to meet the needs of the mine environment monitoring andrecovery and provide the technical support for the construction of the mineenvironment.The study area is located in the Dexing mining, where there existswell-developed vegetation and the main soil type is red soil mainly composed of redsandstone formation. We take the use of ASD spectrograph to collect the spectra of48soil samples, which is collected in peripheral stopemining, tailings dam and river lot,in2011and2012. Based on the principle of selecting soil characteristics andevaluation of the study area, this paper takes full use of remote sensing (RS) toolsand geographic information systems (GIS) technology, based on hyperspectral remotesensing data, to select the soil organic matter, soil clay minerals, heavy metals insoil, soil iron ions and vegetation cover as the evaluation index, with theestablishment of Dexing mine evaluation index system, and takes use of anobjective method to determine the weight of each empowerment evaluation indexweight, with the help of remote sensing image processing software for remote sensingdata processing and analysis, with the analysis of soil organic matter, soil phosphorusand potassium in soil and soil iron ions temporal variation of soil nutrients wereanalyzed.The results show that the content of iron ion from Ⅰdam、Ⅱdam、Ⅳdam andcopper mine is low in the Dexing Mine. This is because the soil type in the study areais red soil that often contains iron manganese plaque, ferromanganese nodules andother new growth of soil, and high content of hematite (clay mineral).That is to say, the content of iron ion in the background soil is relatively high, so the iron ion contentof the three tailings dams and copper mine is relatively low. According to the result ofmineral analytical test in the study area, we can see that the clay minerals of kaolinite,chlorite and illite is prevalent in the soils. Soil absorption position of2202nm,2345nm,2440nm, reflective position of2212nm,2290nm and2405nm are extractedby method of continuum removal, the reflectivity of these positions respond tospecific clay minerals are analyzed and prediction equation are established, using thethree clay mineral contents as the dependent variables.The inversion results indicate that the ensemble content of kaolinite is higheranddistributed more widely, compared with chlorite and illite. Overall, the contents ofthree clay minerals at Ⅰdam、Ⅱdam、Ⅳdam and copper mine is relatively low, thisis because the wasteland after mining at tailings dam contains a large amount oftailing sand, the phenomenon of desertification is serious, and the fertility quality ofthe soil is poor, thus kaolinite content of the three tailings and copper mine arerelatively low.With the evaluation information retrieved by mathematical modeling for theentire study area, quantitative analysis and standardized processing of indicatorsextracted has been carried out, and we finally establish soil restoration evaluation forthe waste soil, the restoration potential is divided into five grades as fortissimo, strong,medium, weak, pianissimo. Thus, we can take different measures for different levelsof potential soil and environmental restoration.Exploration and development of mining will destroy the original structure of soil,and the quality also will change, which will lead to the mine environment changes. Sowe need to reclaim the mining wasteland around mining area after exploiting, andthen restore the mining environment, improve soil quality, take rational use of landplanning, and establish and improve monitoring the soil quality of green land mines.