Synthesis Of1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium Nitrate

1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate were synthesized in this paper.1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazole nitrate can be used as energetic materials, while1-amino-3-n-alkyl-1-decyl,2,3-triazole nitrate1-amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazole nitrate1-amino-3-tetradecyl-1,2,3-triazole nitrate and1-amino-3-hexadecyl-1,2,3-triazole-containing nitrate can be used as energetic surfactant.1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate were synthesized by using glyoxal and hydrazine hydrate as starting materials in four steps including the condensation reaction, cyclization reaction, alkylation reaction, substitution reaction. Conditions for the condensation reaction, cyclization reaction, alkylation reaction were optimized via a series of experiments. The optimal reaction conditions were confirmed:(1) the condensation reaction: using methanol as solvent; mol ratio, n(glyoxal):n(hydrazine hydrate)=1:3; reaction temperature,70℃for5h, to the yield90.5%,(2) the cyclization reaction:acetonitrile as the solvent, the catalyst mass m (glyoxal bishydrazone):m (manganese dioxide)=1:2.5, reaction temperature,20℃for2.5h, to the yield88.6%, the alkylation reaction:ethyl acetate as the solvent, mol ratio, n (1-amino-1,2,3-triazole):n (dimethyl sulfate)=1:1.3reaction temperature,80℃for8h, to the yield89.2%;ethyl acetate as solvent, mol ratio, n(1-amino-1,2,3-triazole):n (bromohexadecane)=1:1.4, reaction temperature,80℃for40h, to the yield68.3%.The structure of all the products were confirmed by NMR, MS and IR. The explosion properties of1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazole nitrate, the explosion and surface properties of1-amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazole nitrate were measured to achieve ideal parameters.