Epoxidation Of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Catalysted By Ionic Liquid And The Preparation Of Polyurethane Foam

Polyurethane foam due to its excellent physical and chemical properties is widely usedin the fefrigerated industry, building energy conservation industry, solar industry, as well asthe industries of automotive, packaging, wood, and aerospace and so on. Polyurethane foamwith an annual output of over10million tons brought serious environmental pollution. Withthe gradual expansion of the global green construction chemicals market and the stronglyadvocated of low-carbon, environmentally friendly, researching "green" biodegradablepolyurethane material with petro-chemical alternatives as raw materials has become one ofthe world’s hot spots. In this article, soybean oil was choosen as a raw material, and thebiodegradable polyurethane rigid foam was prepared through a series of reactions.The epoxidation rate was investigated catalysted by two ionic liquids under solvent-freesystems, respectively. The optimal conditions of fatty acid methyl ester epoxidation reactioncatalysted by [Spmim][HSO4] was acquired by orthogonal experiment: reaction time40min,reaction temperature60℃, the dosage of catalyst (substrate mass percentage)6%n(FA):n(Eu)=0.8, n(Hp): n(Eu)=2.6. The epoxy value and iodine value of epoxy fatty acidmethyl ester were5.44%and4.7gI2/100g, respectively. The optimal conditions of fatty acidmethyl ester epoxidation reaction catalysted by [Spmim][PTSA] was acquired by responsesurface experiment: reaction temperature54.92℃, the dosage of catalyst0.41%, n(FA): n(Eu)=0.77, n(Hp): n(Eu)=2.02, reaction time9h. The epoxy value and iodine value of epoxyfatty acid methyl ester were5.6%and6.5gI2/100g, respectively.The epoxidation rate was optimized by response surface experiment catalysted by[Spmim][HSO4] under benzene solvent systems: reaction temperature60℃, benzene solventdosage2.5(solvent/fatty acid methyl ester, m/m), the dosage of catalyst1.9%, n(FA): n(Eu)=1.1, n(Hp): n(Eu)=3.7, reaction time2h. The epoxy value and iodine value of epoxy fattyacid methyl ester were6.3%and5.5gI2/100g, respectively.Four reactive hydroxyl-containing reagents (methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, anddiethanolamine) were selected ring-opening reaction with epoxy ester to prepare four polyols,and the rheological properties investigated. The results showed that: the viscosity of all thematerials showed a gradual decrease as the temperature increases, and the relationshipbetween temperature and viscosity follows Andrade Correlation; the order of the viscosity under the same temperature as follows: ηB> ηC> ηA> ηD> η(epoxy ester). The order of viscosityactivation energy with Arrhenius equation as follows: Eη(B)> Eη(C)> Eη(A)> of Eη(D)> Eη(epoxy ester). Thermal analyzer showed that: the order of highest melting point as follows: epoxyester> polyol D> polyol A> polyol C> polyol B. The results showed that the viscosity thethe activation energy of polyol is negative correlation with the highest melting point.The sucrose esters polyol was acquired by polyol D reaction with sucrose. Thenpolyurethane rigid foams was prepared with triethanolamine and dibutyltin laurate as thecatalyst, methyl silicone as the foam stabilizers, water and methylene chloride as the blowingagent, sucrose esters polyol reacted with4,4’-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). The densityof the foam is72.3kg/m3, dimensional change is-0.06%, the decomposition temperature ofthe foam is200℃, the biological degradation rate reached44.72%after68days. Indicatesthat the foam shows outstanding performance in dimensional stability and heat resistance, aswell as good biodegradability.