Development Of The Decision Support System On Comprehensive Vehicle Emission Control In Macao

In recent years, China has experienced rapid growth of its urban vehicle populationresulting in vehicles becoming a major contributor to air pollution. Therefore, it isimportant to establish a decision support system for cities to comprehensively controlvehicle emissions. Based on the database of traffic flow characteristics, vehicle emissionfactor model, vehicle emission inventory and the database of vehicle emission controlmeasures in Macao, the vehicle emission control decision platform was designed anddeveloped to evaluate the current traffic activity and vehicle emissions which enable theestablishment and assessment of the reduction potential of future control strategies.The vehicle emissions inventory with a high spatial and temporal resolution wasestablished for Macao by using the Bottom-Up approach based on the traffic flow databaseand vehicle emission factor model. The daily vehicular emissions of HC, CO, NOXandPM2.5in Macao are respectively28.8tons,145.1tons,27.6tons and1.7tons. Light-dutymotorcycles, heavy duty motorcycles, mopeds and passenger cars are the main contributorsto HC and CO emissions. They contribute54%,23%and11%, respectively, to the totalvehicle emissions of HC and25%、42%and21%of CO. Heavy duty vehicles particularlybuses and trucks impact NOXand PM2.5emissions the most, but other vehicle types shouldbe considered.A database of comprehensive vehicle emission control measures and policies was builtthrough an investigation of the pollution control activities of global cities that employ newvehicle emission control measures, fuel quality rules, in-use vehicle emission control,traffic management measures and economic incentive policies. Two methods were appliedto assess the emission reduction potential of the control measures: one based on fleetaverage emission factor changes and the other based on the vehicle emission reduction rate.Finally, through integration of the multiple databases and models aforementioned, thevehicle emission control decision platform was developed. The platform is composed offive modules: the single road module, road network module, area module, the decisionanalysis module and data export module. Case studies were performed by applying this system. The results show that through the electrification of30%of mopeds, the reductionof HC exceeds20%and CO and PM2.5are lowered by5~10%. Meanwhile, implementationof regional traffic restrictions within the St. Anthony Parish in Macao for certain vehicleswere estimated to reduce the emissions of HC, CO, NOXand PM2.5by13%、18%、25%and18%, respectively. The system can function as the future basic foundation for Macao’smotor vehicle emission control decision analysis. It can accurately and dynamically showthe quantitative temporal and spatial distribution of the vehicle emissions and traffic flowcharacteristics network and provide direct analytical support.