Lewis Acid-catalyzed Coupling Reaction

Ullmann coupling reaction is one of the most important methods forbuilding C-C bonds in the organic synthesis, and the product of this reaction isbiphenyl derivatives, these derivatives are widely present in some naturalalkaloids, and have a wide range of applications in organic synthesis,pharmaceutical, agricultural supplies, dyes and organic conductors. How tosynthesis of biphenyl and their derivatives via Ullmann coupling has becomecurrent research focus for many organic chemists. In addition, the transitionmetal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are widely used to build C-C bondsand C-heteroatom bonds.The main content of this dissertations are:(1) Recent research studies of Lewis acid-catalyzed coupling reactions.(2) Palladium-catalyzed Ullmann-type reaction of2-bromo-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol synthesize3,3’,5,5’-tetra-tert-butyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2,2’-diolderivatives. The method is simple, lower catalyst loading, higher yield.(3) CuBr2-catalyzed tetrahedronfuranlation of alcohols with tetrahedronfuran.The reaction has mild conditions, cheaper catalysts, and higher functional grouptolerant.