| Bamboo is an evergreen perennial plant from Bambusoideae of Poaceae. Bambooshoot has much important medicine and healthy value. Many researchers havedemonstrated that its extracts have different activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging,anti-bacteria, anti-virus effects, etc. In present study, total flavonoids, one activitycomponent of bamboo shoot, were extracted from four species bamboo shoots and wastematerials (bamboo shell), respectively. Based on orthogonal tests with single factor, weoptimized the extraction process of total flavonoids from bamboo shoot, and identified thechemical constituents with LC-MS. Furthermore, we studied the inhibitory effects ofethanol extracts on tyrosinase. The primary results are listed as following:1. Flavonoids from fresh bamboo shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens in spring, wereextracted by methods of water, ethanol backflow, and ultrasonic wave extractions. Theoptimum extraction conditions were investigated by orthogonal tests with single factor.Factors, which might influence the extraction, such as extraction temperature, extractiontime, soild/liquid ratio, pH value, and volume fraction of ethanol solution, were included inthe single-factor experiment, respectively. The results showed that the best method in thethree was ethanol backflow and the best process for the extraction of flavonoids weresolid-liquid ratio1∶40, extraction temperature60℃,70%ethanol, extraction time2.0hby the method of ethanol backflow, which could achieved the highest yield.2. Using Phyllostachys pubescens in spring as material, retrieving rate of the totalflavonoids as examining target, we performed the dynamics research of dynamicadsorption by analyzing effects of separation and purification with AB-8and D101. Theresults showed that AB-8with volume fraction of ethanol solution75%is the best processfor the purification of flavonoids.3. GC-MS was used to analyze the constituents of different parts and species ofbamboo shoots and their waste materials. Results showed that the constituents ofextractions from different parts and species were different with each other. There weremany constituents such as flavonoids and its derivative, alkaloid, amino acid and peptide,fatty acid, phenolic acid, polysaccharide and some volatile matter. The winter bambooshoot of P. pubescens had triterpenoids and benzene, while the spring one of P. pubescenshad aldehyde and unsaturated alcohol. And Latiflorus mcclure had fatty alcohol as thecharastics component. 4. Taking the Kojic acid as control groups, we investigated the inhibitory effects ofethanol extracts from bamboo shoots and shell on potato tyrosinase. Results showed thatwith the increasing of the concentration, the inhibition rate was increasing at theconcentration of2.5mg/ml-40.0mg/ml. The inhibitory effects of P. pubescens in winter onmonophenolase and diphenolase were the greatest at the concentration of40mg/ml, whilethe inhibitory rate of P. pubescens shell in winter was of the lowest. The inhibitory effectsof P. pubescens shell in spring and P. praecox were better than P. pubescens in winter, P.pubescens in spring and P. praecox shell. The inhibitory effects of P. pubescens in winteron monophenolase was lower than the Kojic acid at the concentration of10.0mg/ml, whilethe inhibitory effects of P. pubescens in winter and P. praecox on diphenolase were higherthan the Kojic acid at the concentration of10.0mg/ml.5. Taking the Kojic acid and Arbutin as control groups, we investigated the inhibitoryeffects of purified ethanol extracts from bamboo shoots and shell on the standard oftyrosinase. Results showed that with the increasing of the concentration, the inhibition ratewas increasing at the concentration of0.2mg/ml-1.0mg/ml. L. mcclure had the highestinhibitory effects on tyrosinase, followed by the P. pubescens in spring, the P. pubescensin winter and the P. praecox. L. mcclure had the highest inhibitory effects onmonophenolase and its shell had the highest inhibitory effects on diphenolase. Theinhibitory effects of L. mcclure on monophenolase was higher than the Kojic acid at theconcentration of0.1mg/ml, and the inhibitory effects of L. mcclure and P. pubescens inspring and L. mcclure shell on monophenolase were higher than the Arbutin at theconcentration of0.1mg/ml. The inhibitory effects of the three bamboo shoots ondiphenolase were higher than the Kojic acid at the concentration of0.08mg/ml, while theinhibitory effects of L. mcclure and its shell were higher than the Arbutin at theconcentration of0.08mg/ml.All together, these results provided a theoretic basis for the industrialized productionof total flavonoids from bamboo shoot and the selection of cosmetic whitening additive,which would improve the exploitation, utilize and economical benefit of bamboo shootsand their shells. |
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