α-decay And The Competition Betweenα-decay And Proton Radioactivity

α-decay and proton radioactivity share the same underlying mechanism in physics. The decay process can be treated as a simple quantum tunnelling effect through a potential barrier. Several theories have been employed to describe α-decay and proton radioactivity. Among these models, the GLDM is one of the successful macroscopic models for describing the process of α-decay and proton radioactivity.GLDM can describe the evolution of one-body shape to the two separated fragments and also obtain potential energy surface. So we can use the WKB approximation to calculate the penetrability. The paper contains three parts.Firstly, we calculated the a decay half-lives of the108,114,120,126isotopes, and162,184isotones. The calculated results are compared with experimental data, and both reveal that the270Hs is a double magic nucleus. The correct agreement allows us to make predictions for the a decay half-lives of other still unknown superheavy nuclei(SHN) in the same framework. It is concluded that the298114may be a double magic nucleus and N=184the neutron magic number for Z=120and Z=126.Secondly, we performed the lifetimes of several isotopes of heavy and su-perheavy elements with Z=100-126. The α-decay half lives calculated us-ing the experimental Q-values were found to be in reasonably agreement with experimental data. The results show that the half lives obtained by the theoret-ical Q-values from MMM are better in agreement with experimental ones than those with Q-values from FRDM. Besides, some predications on the α-decay half lives using the two kinds of theoretical Q-values are provided for future experimental assignment and identification.Finally, The a-decay and proton radioactivity half-lives of some spherical nuclei in the proton range Z=51-83were investigated. The agreement be-tween theoretical results and experimental data is satisfactory for both a and proton emission, which allows us to make predictions about the half-lives of the two decay modes for some unstable nuclei.