The Sequencing And Analysis Of The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Of9Avians In Anatidae Species And Phylogenetic Study Of Anseriformes

Among avian orders, the Anseriformes are a morphologically and biologically various group containing150species distributed worldwide. Most of avians among the Anseriformes have seasonal migration habits. In China, there are45species. Mainly distributed in riverside and coastal wetland areas and Mergus squamatus is endemic species in China. In recent years, due to global warming and the destruction of the wetland environment, wild goose duck population decrease gradually in our country, narrow distribution.The phylogeny of Anseriformes obtained by these different approaches differ mostly on:first, the relative position of each family; second, the phylogeny inside each of these subfamilies, especially, the composition and phylogenetic relationships of tribes within Anatidae. The mitochondrial genome has Characteristics of small molecular size, simple structrue, closely rank, strict matrilinear inheritance, fast substitution rate, so mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been considered as an important tool for inferring phylogenetic relationships and Population evolution. With the development of molecular biotechnology, the study of mitochondrial genome becomes the focus in the molecular systematics.The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of nine species of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Indian Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha), Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca), Shoveler (Anas clypeata), Northern Pochard (Aythya ferina) Tufted Duck(Aythya fuligula)、Common Merganser (Mergus merganser)、Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)、Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) have been sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in the study and all of its genome size range from16599bp to16630bp. The overall range of mitochondrial genome sequence of the eight ducks is consistent with the typical bird mitochondrial genome as a representative. There are no rearrangements of mitochondrial gene orde. The complete mitochondrial genome contains13protein-coding genes,22tRNA genes,2rRNA genes as well as a noncoding control region. ND6protein gene and six tRNA genes (Glu, Gln, Ala, Ans, Cys, Tyr) are Located on light chain code, the remaining28genes are seated heavy chain code, all the genetic base composition, Base composition content of Studied anatidae birds is A and T higher than C and G, accord with metazoan base composition characteristics of mitochondrial genomeIn this research we get eight mitochondrial genomes of duck. There are fifteenmitochondrial genomes among Anseriformes Based on12heavy chain coding genes and the whole sequence (excluding ND6and D-loop area), red jungle fowl in outside the group, phylogenetic relationships inside23species of Anseriformes are discussed in this paper. Results show that Topology structures are same by Analysis method s of Maximum Parsimony, Neighbor joining and Bagesian inference. Anseranas semipalmata and Lesser Whistling-duck are first divergency from en echelon mesh, and the rest is divided into goose and duck In the wild goose n wild goose class divided into two groups, anser as a group, the swan to another group, two are sisters groups In ducks, divided into three, diving duck and duck river a respectively, and the rest for another. The relationship among Cairinin, Tadorna and Aix is close. Spot-billed Duck and Common Mallard are sister group, Green-winged Teal and Northern Pintail are sister group.